Spring cloud配置中心动态更新的原理

Spring cloud下的微服务为了能动态感知配置中心的变化，多生成了一个ApplicationContext，由于ApplicationContext聚合了Environment，所有同时也多生成了一个Environment。

这个新的ApplicationContext专门用于和配置中心交互，contextId为bootstrap。

org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.BootstrapApplicationListener#bootstrapServiceContext

	private ConfigurableApplicationContext bootstrapServiceContext(ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
			final SpringApplication application, String configName) {
		ConfigurableEnvironment bootstrapEnvironment = new AbstractEnvironment() {
		};
		MutablePropertySources bootstrapProperties = bootstrapEnvironment.getPropertySources();
		String configLocation = environment.resolvePlaceholders("${spring.cloud.bootstrap.location:}");
		String configAdditionalLocation = environment
				.resolvePlaceholders("${spring.cloud.bootstrap.additional-location:}");
		Map<String, Object> bootstrapMap = new HashMap<>();
		bootstrapMap.put("spring.config.name", configName);
		// if an app (or test) uses spring.main.web-application-type=reactive, bootstrap
		// will fail
		// force the environment to use none, because if though it is set below in the
		// builder
		// the environment overrides it
		bootstrapMap.put("spring.main.web-application-type", "none");
		if (StringUtils.hasText(configLocation)) {
			bootstrapMap.put("spring.config.location", configLocation);
		}
		if (StringUtils.hasText(configAdditionalLocation)) {
			bootstrapMap.put("spring.config.additional-location", configAdditionalLocation);
		}
		bootstrapProperties.addFirst(new MapPropertySource(BOOTSTRAP_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, bootstrapMap));
		for (PropertySource<?> source : environment.getPropertySources()) {
			if (source instanceof StubPropertySource) {
				continue;
			}
			bootstrapProperties.addLast(source);
		}
		// TODO: is it possible or sensible to share a ResourceLoader?
		SpringApplicationBuilder builder = new SpringApplicationBuilder().profiles(environment.getActiveProfiles())
				.bannerMode(Mode.OFF).environment(bootstrapEnvironment)
				// Don't use the default properties in this builder
				.registerShutdownHook(false).logStartupInfo(false).web(WebApplicationType.NONE);
		final SpringApplication builderApplication = builder.application();
		if (builderApplication.getMainApplicationClass() == null) {
			// gh_425:
			// SpringApplication cannot deduce the MainApplicationClass here
			// if it is booted from SpringBootServletInitializer due to the
			// absense of the "main" method in stackTraces.
			// But luckily this method's second parameter "application" here
			// carries the real MainApplicationClass which has been explicitly
			// set by SpringBootServletInitializer itself already.
			builder.main(application.getMainApplicationClass());
		}
		if (environment.getPropertySources().contains("refreshArgs")) {
			// If we are doing a context refresh, really we only want to refresh the
			// Environment, and there are some toxic listeners (like the
			// LoggingApplicationListener) that affect global static state, so we need a
			// way to switch those off.
			builderApplication.setListeners(filterListeners(builderApplication.getListeners()));
		}
		builder.sources(BootstrapImportSelectorConfiguration.class);
		final ConfigurableApplicationContext context = builder.run();
		// gh-214 using spring.application.name=bootstrap to set the context id via
		// `ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer` prevents apps from getting the actual
		// spring.application.name
		// during the bootstrap phase.
		context.setId("bootstrap");
		// Make the bootstrap context a parent of the app context
		addAncestorInitializer(application, context);
		// It only has properties in it now that we don't want in the parent so remove
		// it (and it will be added back later)
		bootstrapProperties.remove(BOOTSTRAP_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME);
		mergeDefaultProperties(environment.getPropertySources(), bootstrapProperties);
		return context;
	}