springboot 集成测试

springboot 的测试，在Junit的基础上进行封装，首要是引入maven 依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

其次，在src/test/java/xxxpackage/xxxApplicationTest.java中，创建测试文件，使用junit 注解即可，熟悉junit测试的下面可以忽略。

junit 注解常见的有 @Test @Before @After，@Test可以指定超时时间timeout 及异常，来验证测试case的性能或者异常，除此之外，@BeforeClass @AfterClass 的用途也会在下面的示例中的注释中一一说明

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ServiceApplicationTests {



    /**
     * 启动的过程中输出beforeClass serviceImpl ，适用于全局的统一处理
     *
     * Method beforeClass() should be static
     *
     * 2019-08-20 14:56:12,702 INFO (AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:248)-
     *      Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]:
     *      [org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]
     * 2019-08-20 14:56:12,722 INFO (AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:177)- Using TestExecutionListeners:
     *      [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@55536d9e,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@747edf66,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener@3d1cfad4,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@62230c58,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@2cd2a21f,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@2e55dd0c,
     *      org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@74455848,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener@e7edb54,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener@378542de,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener@3738449f,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener@69e1dd28,
     *      org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener@11bd0f3b]
     *
     *      beforeClass serviceImpl   (--启动的过程中输出beforeClass serviceImpl)
     */
    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClass(){
        System.out.println("beforeClass serviceImpl");
    }


    /**
     * 在每个测试方法前执行
     * 一般用于初始化方法
     */
    @Before
    public void before(){
        System.out.println("before serviceImpl");
    }


    /**
     * 忽略执行的方法
     * Ignore value： 忽略执行该测试方法时，会同时输出value值，以作忽略说明
     */
    @Ignore(value = "忽略执行的测试case")
    @Test
    public void ignore(){
        System.out.println("ignore Test serviceImpl");
    }

    /**
     * 正常的测试方法
     */
    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println("test serviceImpl");
    }

    /**
     * timeout = 1000L： 测试方法执行超过1000毫秒后算超时，测试将失败
     * expected = Exception.class： 测试方法期望得到的异常类，如果方法执行没有抛出指定的异常，则测试失败
     *
     * java.lang.Exception: Unexpected exception, expected<java.lang.Exception> but was<java.lang.Error>
     * Caused by: java.lang.Error: 这是一个错误
     */
    @Test(timeout = 1000L,expected = Exception.class )
    public void testTimeoutAndExpected(){
        System.out.println("测试异常和超时");
        throw new Error("这是一个错误");
        //throw new RuntimeException("这是一个异常");
    }

    /**
     * 在test 执行完后要做的事情
     */
    @After
    public void after(){
        System.out.println("after serviceImpl");
    }

    /**
     * java.lang.Exception: Method afterClass() should be static
     *
     * @Before @Test @After 全部执行完之后，开始执行
     */
    @AfterClass
    public static void afterClass(){
        System.out.println("afterClass serviceImpl");
    }
}


//输出顺序：
beforeClass serviceImpl
忽略执行的测试case
。。。。（启动过程）
。。。。。（启动过程）
before serviceImpl
测试异常和超时
after serviceImpl

java.lang.Exception: Unexpected exception, expected<java.lang.Exception> but was<java.lang.Error>

	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.ExpectException.evaluate(ExpectException.java:28)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.FailOnTimeout$CallableStatement.call(FailOnTimeout.java:298)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.FailOnTimeout$CallableStatement.call(FailOnTimeout.java:292)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.lang.Error: 这是一个异常
	at com.cutiyu.promotion.serviceimpl.PromotionServiceApplicationTests.testTimeoutAndExpected(PromotionServiceApplicationTests.java:98)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:74)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:84)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.ExpectException.evaluate(ExpectException.java:19)
	... 9 more

before serviceImpl
test serviceImpl
after serviceImpl
afterClass serviceImpl



//若修改testTimeoutAndExpected 抛出RuntimeException，则输出顺序如下：
beforeClass serviceImpl
忽略执行的测试case
。。。。（启动过程）
。。。。。（启动过程）
before serviceImpl
测试异常和超时
after serviceImpl
before serviceImpl
test serviceImpl
after serviceImpl
afterClass serviceImpl

通过输出结果可知，@Before和@After 会在每个@Test 注解执行之前和之后，分别执行一次。

@BeforClass 和@AfterClass 全局只执行一次