使用jpa规范去操作Hibernate

jpa 搭建环境.

1.创建maven工程导入坐标

   <dependencies>
        <!--mybatis 框架-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mysql 驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--日志-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--导入spring的context坐标，context依赖aop-->
        <!-- spring的上下文包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.7</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
            <version>1.7</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--jstl-->



    </dependencies>
 

2.需要配置jpa的核心配置文件
位置：配置到类路径下的一个叫做 META-INF 的文件夹下 的persistence.xml 文件

persistence.xml 配置 ： 参考点击进入

3.编写客户的实体类

/**
 * 客户的实体类
 *      配置映射关系
 *
 *
 *   1.实体类和表的映射关系
 *      @Entity:声明实体类
 *      @Table : 配置实体类和表的映射关系
 *          name : 配置数据库表的名称
 *   2.实体类中属性和表中字段的映射关系
 *
 *
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer {

    /**
     * @Id：声明主键的配置
     * @GeneratedValue:配置主键的生成策略
     *      strategy
     *          GenerationType.IDENTITY ：自增，mysql
     *                 * 底层数据库必须支持自动增长（底层数据库支持的自动增长方式，对id自增）
     *          GenerationType.SEQUENCE : 序列，oracle
     *                  * 底层数据库必须支持序列
     *          GenerationType.TABLE : jpa提供的一种机制，通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键自增
     *          GenerationType.AUTO ： 由程序自动的帮助我们选择主键生成策略
     * @Column:配置属性和字段的映射关系
     *      name：数据库表中字段的名称
     */
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "cust_id")
    private Long custId; //客户的主键

    @Column(name = "cust_name")
    private String custName;//客户名称

    @Column(name="cust_source")
    private String custSource;//客户来源

    @Column(name="cust_level")
    private String custLevel;//客户级别

    @Column(name="cust_industry")
    private String custIndustry;//客户所属行业

    @Column(name="cust_phone")
    private String custPhone;//客户的联系方式

    @Column(name="cust_address")
    private String custAddress;//客户地址

    public Long getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }

    public void setCustId(Long custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }

    public String getCustName() {
        return custName;
    }

    public void setCustName(String custName) {
        this.custName = custName;
    }

    public String getCustSource() {
        return custSource;
    }

    public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
        this.custSource = custSource;
    }

    public String getCustLevel() {
        return custLevel;
    }

    public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
        this.custLevel = custLevel;
    }

    public String getCustIndustry() {
        return custIndustry;
    }

    public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
        this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
    }

    public String getCustPhone() {
        return custPhone;
    }

    public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
        this.custPhone = custPhone;
    }

    public String getCustAddress() {
        return custAddress;
    }

    public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
        this.custAddress = custAddress;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "custId=" + custId +
                ", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
                ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
                ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
                ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
                ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
                ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

jpa操作的操作步骤:

 /**
     * 测试jpa的保存
     * 案例：保存一个客户到数据库中
     * Jpa的操作步骤
     * 1.加载配置文件创建工厂（实体管理器工厂）对象
     * 2.通过实体管理器工厂获取实体管理器
     * 3.获取事务对象，开启事务
     * 4.完成增删改查操作
     * 5.提交事务（回滚事务）
     * 6.释放资源
     */
    @Test
    public void testToString() throws Exception
    {
        EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJpa1");
        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        EntityTransaction tx = entityManager.getTransaction();
        try
        {
            tx.begin();
            Customer customer = new Customer();
            customer.setCustName("中国人");
            customer.setCustIndustry("中国");

            entityManager.persist(customer);

            tx.commit();
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally

        {
            entityManager.close();
            entityManagerFactory.close();
        }

    }