一次简单的面向对象抽象

最近拿起《Windows程序设计（第5版珍藏版）》来看，其中第3章的那个演示程序可谓是Windows程序的经典写法。条理清晰，结构明了，几乎没有什么好挑剔的了。代码如下：

#include<windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND window, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE instance, HINSTANCE otherInstance, PSTR cmdline, int showType)
{
   static TCHAR applicationName[] = TEXT("HelloWin");

   WNDCLASS wndClass;
   wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
   wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
   wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
   wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
   wndClass.hInstance = instance;
   wndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
   wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
   wndClass.hbrBackground = static_cast<HBRUSH>(GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH));
   wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
   wndClass.lpszClassName = applicationName;
   if(!RegisterClass(&wndClass))
   {
      MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), applicationName, MB_ICONERROR);
   }

   HWND window;
   window = CreateWindow(applicationName, TEXT("The Hello Program"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, instance, NULL);

   ShowWindow(window, showType);
   UpdateWindow(window);

   MSG message;
   while(GetMessage(&message, NULL, 0, 0))
   {
      TranslateMessage(&message);
      DispatchMessage(&message);
   }

   return message.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND window, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
   switch(message)
   {
   case WM_CREATE:
      PlaySound(TEXT("hellowin.wav"), NULL, SND_FILENAME | SND_ASYNC);
      return 0;

   case WM_PAINT:
      {
         RECT rectangle;
         GetClientRect(window, &rectangle);

         PAINTSTRUCT ps;
         HDC deviceContent = BeginPaint(window, &ps);
         DrawText(deviceContent, TEXT("Hello, Windows 98!"), -1, &rectangle, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
         EndPaint(window, &ps);
      }
      return 0;

   case WM_DESTROY:
      PostQuitMessage(0);
      return 0;
   }
   return DefWindowProc(window, message, wParam, lParam);
}

这段代码看久了会觉得比较乏味。于是想着能不能用OO的方式来抽象封装一下。

于是就有了下面的代码（main.cpp）：

#include<windows.h>

#include"application.h"

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE instance, HINSTANCE otherInstance, PSTR cmdline, int showType)
{
   Application application(instance);
   return application.run(showType);
}

这下干净多了，不过那个application.h里面是什么东西呢？就是对应用程序的封装，代码如下：

#ifndef APPLICATION_H
#define APPLICATION_H

#include<windows.h>

#include"window.h"

class Application
{
public:
   Application(HINSTANCE instance);

public:
   int run(int showType);

private:
   Window window;
};

#endif   //APPLICATION_H

Application的实现如下（application.cpp）：

#include"application.h"

Application::Application(HINSTANCE instance) : window(instance)
{}

int Application::run(int showType)
{
   window.show(showType);

   MSG message;
   while(GetMessage(&message, NULL, 0, 0))
   {
      TranslateMessage(&message);
      DispatchMessage(&message);
   }
   return static_cast<int>(message.wParam);
}

然后刚才的application.h中引用了window.h，这个文件中包含了窗口的封装，代码如下：

#ifndef WINDOW_H
#define WINDOW_H

#include<windows.h>

class Window
{
public:
   Window(HINSTANCE instance);

public:
   void show(int showType);

public:
   static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND window, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

public:
   WNDCLASS wndClass;
   HWND window;
};

#endif   //WINDOW_H

窗口的实现代码如下所示（window.cpp）：

#include"window.h"

Window::Window(HINSTANCE instance)
{
   static TCHAR applicationName[] = TEXT("HelloWindows");
   static TCHAR applicationTitle[] = TEXT("Hello Windows 98!");

   wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
   wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
   wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
   wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
   wndClass.hInstance = instance;
   wndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
   wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
   wndClass.hbrBackground = static_cast<HBRUSH>(GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH));
   wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
   wndClass.lpszClassName = applicationName;
   if(!RegisterClass(&wndClass))
   {
      MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), applicationTitle, MB_ICONERROR);
   }

   window = CreateWindow(applicationName, applicationTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, instance, NULL);
}

void Window::show(int showType)
{
   ShowWindow(window, showType);
   UpdateWindow(window);
}

LRESULT CALLBACK Window::WndProc(HWND window, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
   switch(message)
   {
   case WM_CREATE:
      PlaySound(TEXT("hellowin.wav"), NULL, SND_FILENAME | SND_ASYNC);
      return 0;

   case WM_PAINT:
   {
      RECT rectangle;
      GetClientRect(window, &rectangle);

      PAINTSTRUCT ps;
      HDC deviceContent = BeginPaint(window, &ps);
      DrawText(deviceContent, TEXT("Hello, Windows 98!"), -1, &rectangle, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
      EndPaint(window, &ps);
   }
   return 0;

   case WM_DESTROY:
      PostQuitMessage(0);
      return 0;
   }
   return DefWindowProc(window, message, wParam, lParam);
}

至此，整个抽象封装结束了，总算不用一下子看一堆代码了。