SpringBoot配置文件
1.介绍:
SpringBoot使用一个全局的配置文件,配置文件名是固定的;
- application.properties
- application.yml
- 配置文件的作用:修改SpringBoot自动配置的默认值
SpringBoot在底层都给我们自动配置好了
yaml以数据为中心的配置文件比json,xml更适合
yaml:配置例子
server:
port:8080
xml:
<server>
<port>
8080
</port>
</server>
2.写法:
字面量:普通的值(数字,字符串,布尔)
k:(空格)v:字面直接来写;
字符串默认不用加上单引号或者双引号;
“”:双引号;不转义字符
name:“zhangsan\nlisi” 输出:zhangsan 换行lisi
‘’:单引号:转义
name:‘zhangsan\nlisi’ 输出:zhangsan\nlisi
对象.map(属性和值)(键值对):
* k✌️在下一行来写对象的属性和值得关系;注意缩进
friends:
lastname: zhangsan
age:20
行内写法:
friends:{lastname: zhansan,age: 20}
*数组(list\set)
pets:
- cat
- dog
- pig
行内写法:
pets:[cat,dog,pig]
注意:
注意冒号后面要加空格
基本语法k:(空格)v 表示一对键值对(空格必须有)
以空格的缩进表示控制层级关系;只要是左对齐的一列数据,都是同一等级的
属性和值大小写敏感
sever:
port:8081
path:/hello
3.代码演示:
3.1创建一个Dog对象,并set、get以及tostring
public class Dog {
private String name;
private int age;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dog{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
3.2创建一个Person对象
属性值包括普通值类型,map类型,list类型,对象
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
private String lastname;
private int age;
private boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"lastname='" + lastname + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", boss=" + boss +
", birth=" + birth +
", maps=" + maps +
", lists=" + lists +
", dog=" + dog +
'}';
}
public String getLastname() {
return lastname;
}
public void setLastname(String lastname) {
this.lastname = lastname;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public boolean isBoss() {
return boss;
}
public void setBoss(boolean boss) {
this.boss = boss;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
return maps;
}
public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
this.maps = maps;
}
public List<Object> getLists() {
return lists;
}
public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
this.lists = lists;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
}
注意:
将配置文件中的每一个属性值,映射到这个组件中
@ConfigurationProperties:告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定
prefix = “person”:配置文件中哪个下面的所有属性进行一一对应
只有这个组件是容器中的组件,才能使用容器中提供的ConfigurationProperties功能
加上@Component将Person对象放入到容器中
在yaml中配置属性:
person:
lastname: tangtang
age: 16
boss: true
birth: 1996/02/13
maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12}
lists:
- Xiaoqian
- Xiaohuai
dog:
name: 小狗
age: 3
使用测试类进行测试
在test文件夹下,java下找到测试类
测试类代码:
import com.example.springboot.Bean.Person;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class Springboot01HelloworldQuickApplicationTests {
@Autowired
Person person;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
System.out.println(person);
}
}
运行结果如下:
Person{lastname=‘tangtang’, age=16, boss=true, birth=Tue Feb 13 00:00:00 CST 1996, maps={k1=v1, k2=12}, lists=[Xiaoqian, Xiaohuai], dog=Dog{name=‘小狗’, age=3}}
注意:
关于执行此次测试遇到的几个小问题,我在下一篇简单说一下