Jetpack+MVVM架构下的Android定位开发 - 含完整代码示例

完整实现：在 Android Fragment 中使用定位功能

下面提供完整的代码实现，包括定位工具类、Fragment 实现以及 ViewModel 整合方案。

1. 添加权限声明

在 AndroidManifest.xml 中添加以下权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<!-- 如果需要后台定位，Android 10+ 需要添加 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />

1. 定位工具类 (NativeLocationHelper.kt)

import android.Manifest
import android.content.Context
import android.location.Location
import android.location.LocationListener
import android.location.LocationManager
import android.os.Bundle
import android.os.Looper
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat

class NativeLocationHelper(private val context: Context) {

    private val locationManager = context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager
    private var locationListener: LocationListener? = null

    interface OnLocationUpdateListener {
        fun onLocationUpdate(location: Location)
        fun onLocationError(errorMessage: String)
    }

    fun startLocationUpdates(
        minTime: Long,
        minDistance: Float,
        listener: OnLocationUpdateListener
    ) {
        if (!checkPermissions()) {
            listener.onLocationError("Location permissions not granted")
            return
        }

        locationListener = object : LocationListener {
            override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {
                listener.onLocationUpdate(location)
            }

            override fun onStatusChanged(provider: String?, status: Int, extras: Bundle?) {}

            override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {}

            override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {
                listener.onLocationError("Location provider disabled")
            }
        }

        try {
            locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
                LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,
                minTime,
                minDistance,
                locationListener!!,
                Looper.getMainLooper()
            )
            locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
                LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,
                minTime,
                minDistance,
                locationListener!!,
                Looper.getMainLooper()
            )
        } catch (e: SecurityException) {
            listener.onLocationError("SecurityException: ${e.message}")
        }
    }

    fun stopLocationUpdates() {
        locationListener?.let {
            locationManager.removeUpdates(it)
        }
    }

    fun getLastKnownLocation(): Location? {
        if (!checkPermissions()) return null

        return try {
            locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)
                ?: locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)
        } catch (e: SecurityException) {
            null
        }
    }

    private fun checkPermissions(): Boolean {
        return ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            context,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
        ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            context,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
        ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
    }
}

2. ViewModel (LocationViewModel.kt)

import android.location.Location
import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel

class LocationViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private lateinit var locationHelper: NativeLocationHelper
    
    private val _location = MutableLiveData<Location>()
    val location: LiveData<Location> = _location
    
    private val _error = MutableLiveData<String>()
    val error: LiveData<String> = _error
    
    private val _isLoading = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()
    val isLoading: LiveData<Boolean> = _isLoading
    
    fun initLocationHelper(context: Context) {
        locationHelper = NativeLocationHelper(context)
    }
    
    fun startLocationUpdates() {
        _isLoading.value = true
        locationHelper.startLocationUpdates(
            10000, // 10秒更新间隔
            10f,   // 10米最小距离变化
            object : NativeLocationHelper.OnLocationUpdateListener {
                override fun onLocationUpdate(location: Location) {
                    _isLoading.postValue(false)
                    _location.postValue(location)
                }
                
                override fun onLocationError(error: String) {
                    _isLoading.postValue(false)
                    _error.postValue(error)
                }
            }
        )
    }
    
    fun stopLocationUpdates() {
        locationHelper.stopLocationUpdates()
    }
    
    fun getLastKnownLocation(): Location? {
        return locationHelper.getLastKnownLocation()
    }
    
    override fun onCleared() {
        super.onCleared()
        stopLocationUpdates()
    }
}

3. Fragment 实现 (LocationFragment.kt)

import android.Manifest
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.fragment.app.viewModels
import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.collect

class LocationFragment : Fragment() {
    private val viewModel: LocationViewModel by viewModels()
    
    // 权限请求
    private val locationPermissionRequest = registerForActivityResult(
        ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()
    ) { permissions ->
        when {
            permissions.getOrDefault(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, false) -> {
                viewModel.startLocationUpdates()
            }
            permissions.getOrDefault(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, false) -> {
                viewModel.startLocationUpdates()
            }
            else -> {
                Toast.makeText(
                    requireContext(),
                    "Location permission denied",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
                ).show()
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_location, container, false)
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        
        viewModel.initLocationHelper(requireContext())
        
        // 检查权限
        if (hasLocationPermission()) {
            viewModel.startLocationUpdates()
        } else {
            requestLocationPermission()
        }
        
        setupObservers()
        
        // 尝试获取最后一次已知位置
        viewModel.getLastKnownLocation()?.let {
            updateLocationUI(it)
        }
    }
    
    private fun setupObservers() {
        viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycleScope.launchWhenStarted {
            viewModel.location.collect { location ->
                location?.let { updateLocationUI(it) }
            }
        }
        
        viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycleScope.launchWhenStarted {
            viewModel.error.collect { error ->
                error?.let { showError(it) }
            }
        }
        
        viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycleScope.launchWhenStarted {
            viewModel.isLoading.collect { isLoading ->
                // 更新加载状态UI
                view?.findViewById<View>(R.id.progressBar)?.visibility = 
                    if (isLoading) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
            }
        }
    }
    
    private fun hasLocationPermission(): Boolean {
        return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            requireContext(),
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
        ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            requireContext(),
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
        ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
    }
    
    private fun requestLocationPermission() {
        locationPermissionRequest.launch(
            arrayOf(
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
            )
        )
    }
    
    private fun updateLocationUI(location: Location) {
        view?.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tvLatitude)?.text = 
            "Latitude: ${location.latitude}"
        view?.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tvLongitude)?.text = 
            "Longitude: ${location.longitude}"
        view?.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tvAccuracy)?.text = 
            "Accuracy: ${location.accuracy} meters"
    }
    
    private fun showError(message: String) {
        Toast.makeText(requireContext(), message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
        view?.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tvError)?.text = message
    }
    
    override fun onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView()
        viewModel.stopLocationUpdates()
    }
}

4. 布局文件 (fragment_location.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="16dp">

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progressBar"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:visibility="gone"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvLatitude"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Latitude: -"
        android:textSize="18sp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvLongitude"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Longitude: -"
        android:textSize="18sp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvAccuracy"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Accuracy: -"
        android:textSize="18sp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvError"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="@color/error_color"
        android:textSize="16sp"/>

</LinearLayout>

5. 使用说明

1. 初始化：

   • 在 Fragment 的 onViewCreated 中初始化 ViewModel 和定位工具
   • 自动检查权限并开始定位

2. 权限处理：

   • 使用新的 Activity Result API 处理权限请求
   • 优雅处理权限被拒绝的情况

3. 位置更新：

   • 通过 LiveData 观察位置变化
   • 自动更新 UI 显示位置信息

4. 生命周期管理：

   • 在 onDestroyView 中停止位置更新
   • 使用 viewLifecycleOwner 确保安全更新 UI

5. 错误处理：

   • 捕获并显示定位错误
   • 显示加载状态

6. 高级功能扩展

如需添加更多功能，可以考虑：

1. 地理围栏：在特定位置设置提醒
2. 位置轨迹记录：持续记录用户移动路径
3. 位置过滤：使用低通滤波算法平滑位置数据
4. 能耗优化：根据应用状态调整定位精度

这个完整实现提供了现代化的 Android 定位解决方案，遵循了最新的 Jetpack 组件和 Kotlin 协程最佳实践。