C++ string类的模拟实现

string类的模拟实现要实现几大操作：
1.string类对象的常见构造：构造函数、拷贝构造、赋值操作、析构函数
2.modify修改操作：PushBack、Append、operator+=、Insert、Erase、Find
3.string类对象的capacity容量操作：Resize、Reserve、Clear、Size、Capacity、Empty
4.access下标访问：operator[]
下面是实现的代码：
1.string类对象的常见构造

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
namespace TY
{
	class String
	{
	public:
		typedef char* iterator;
		iterator begin()
		{
			return _str;
		}
		iterator end()
		{
			return _str + _size;
		}
		//构造函数
		String(const char* str = "")
		{
			if (nullptr == str)
			{
				assert(false);
				return;
			}
			_size = strlen(str);
			_capacity = _size;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];//加1保存'\0'
			strcpy(_str, str);
		}
		//拷贝构造
		String(const String& s)
			:_str(new char[s._capacity +1])
			, _size(s._size)
			, _capacity(s._capacity)
		{
			strcpy(_str, s._str);
		}
		//赋值操作
		String& operator=(const String& s)
		{
			if (this != &s)
			{
				String tmp(s._str);
				swap(_str, tmp._str);
			}
			return *this;
		}
		//析构函数
		~String()
		{
			if (_str)
			{
				delete[] _str;
				_str = nullptr;
				_size = 0;
				_capacity = 0;
			}
		}
		char* c_str()
		{
			return _str;
		}
		private:
		char* _str;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _capacity;
		}
		void TestString1()
	{
		String s1("hello");
		String s2("world");
		String copy(s1);
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
		cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
		cout << copy.c_str() << endl;
		//利用迭代器打印String中 的元素
		String::iterator it = s1.begin();
		while (it != s1.end())
		{
			cout << *it << " ";
			++it;
		}
		cout << endl;
		//范围for
		for (auto e : s1)
		{
			cout << e << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
		
};

运行结果：

2.modify修改操作：

//modify修改操作
		void PushBack(char ch)//尾插一个字符
		{
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				Reserve(_capacity * 2);
			}
			_str[_size++] = ch;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}
		void Append(size_t n, char c)//追加n个字符c
		{
			for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
			{
				PushBack(c);
			}
		}
		void Append(const char* str)//追加字符串
		{
			for (size_t i = 0; i < strlen(str); ++i)
			{
				PushBack(str[i]);
			}
		}
		String& operator+=(char ch)//加一个字符
		{
			PushBack(ch);
			return *this;
		}
		String& operator+=(const char* str)//加一个字符串
		{
			Append(str);
			return *this;
		}
		String& Insert(size_t pos, char ch)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			int end = _size;
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				Reserve(_capacity * 2);
			}
			for (end = _size; end >= (int)pos; --end)
			{
				_str[end+1] = _str[end];
			}
			_str[pos] = ch;
			++_size;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
			return *this;
		}
		String& Insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (len + _size>_capacity)
			{
				Reserve(len + _size);
			}
			for (size_t i = _size + len; i > pos; --i)
			{
				_str[i] = _str[i - len];
			}
			for (size_t j = 0; j < len; ++j)
			{
				_str[pos+j] = str[j];
				++_size;
			}
			_str[_size] = '\0';
			return *this;
		}
		String& Erase(size_t pos, size_t len)
		{
			if (pos + len >= _size - 1)
			{
				_str[pos] = '\0';
				_size = pos;
			}
			else
			{
				strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
			}
			_size -= len;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
			return *this;
		}
		size_t Find(char ch, size_t pos = 0)//从第pos个位置往后找字符ch
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; ++i)
			{
				if (_str[i] == ch)
				{
					return i;
				}
			}
			return 0;
		}
		size_t Find(const char* str, size_t pos = 0)
		{
			assert(pos<_size);
			size_t begin = pos;//源字符串_str的下标从pos位置开始找
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			while (begin < _size)
			{
				size_t i = 0;//控制str的下标从0开始
				size_t start = begin;
				while (_str[start] == str[i])
				{
					++i;
					++start;
					if (i == len)//此时字符串str已经走到末尾了
					{
						return begin;
					}
				}
				++begin;
			}
			return -1;
		}
		void TestString2()
	{
		String s1("hello");
		s1.PushBack(' ');
		s1.PushBack('w');
		s1.PushBack('o');
		s1.PushBack('r');
		s1.PushBack('l');
		s1.PushBack('d');
		s1.PushBack(' ');
		s1.Append("code");
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
		s1 += 'A';
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
		s1 += "hehe";
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
		s1.Insert(2, 'a');
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
		s1.Insert(3, "copy");
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
		s1.Erase(3, 2);
		cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
		cout << s1.Find('l',5)<< endl;
		cout << s1.Find("copy") << endl;
		
		}
};

运行结果：

3.string类对象的capacity容量操作：

//capacity 容量操作
		void Resize(size_t newsize, char ch)//将有效字符的个数改成newsize个，多出的空间用字符ch填充
		{
			if (newsize > _size)
			{
				if (newsize > _capacity)
				{
					Reserve(newsize);
				}
				memset(_str + _size, ch, newsize - _size);//内存设置，将多出的空间置为ch
			}
			_size = newsize;
			_str[newsize] = '\0';
		}
		void Reserve(size_t newcapacity)//为字符串预留空间
		{
			//如果新的容量大于旧容量，增容
			if (newcapacity > _capacity)
			{
				char* str = new char[newcapacity + 1];
				strcpy(str, _str);
				//释放旧空间，使用新开辟的空间
				delete[] _str;
				_str = str;
				_capacity = newcapacity;
			}
		}
		void Clear()
		{
			_size = 0;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}
		size_t Size()const
		{
			return _size;
		}
		size_t Capacity()const
		{
			return _capacity;
		}
		bool Empty()const
		{
			return 0 == _size;
		}
		void TestString3()
	{
		String s1("hello");
		s1.PushBack(' ');
		s1.PushBack('w');
		s1.PushBack('o');
		s1.PushBack('r');
		s1.PushBack('l');
		s1.PushBack('d');
		s1.PushBack(' ');
		s1.Append("code");
		cout << s1.Size() << endl;
		cout << s1.Capacity() << endl;
		s1.Clear();
		cout << s1.Size() << endl;
	}
};

运行结果：

4.access下标访问:

//access下标访问
		char& operator[](size_t index)
		{
			assert(index < _size);
			return _str[index];
		}
		const char& operator[](size_t index)const
		{
			assert(index < _size);
			return _str[index];
		}
		//判断大小关系
		bool operator<(const String& s)const
		{
			size_t index1 = 0,index2=0;
			while (index1 < _size && index2 < s._size)
			{
				if (_str[index1] < s._str[index2])
				{
					return true;
				}
				++index1;
				++index2;
			}
			return false;
		}
		bool operator==(const String& s)const
		{
			//如果两个字符串的大小不等
			if (s._size != _size)
			{
				return false;
			}
			//大小相等，依次遍历两个字符串比较值是否相等
			size_t i = 0;
			while (_str[i] == s._str[i] && i < _size)
			{
				++i;
			}
			if (i == _size && s._str[i] == '\0')
			{
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}
		bool operator>(const String& s)const
		{
			return !(*this < s || *this == s);
		}
		bool operator<=(const String& s)const
		{
			return *this < s || *this == s;
		}
		bool operator>=(const String& s)const
		{
			return !(*this < s);
		}
		bool operator!=(const String& s)const
		{
			return !(*this == s);
		}
		void TestString4()
	{
		String s1("absehret");
		String s2("adgfiesk");
		cout << s1[2] << endl;
		cout << (s1 > s2) << endl;
		cout << (s1 < s2) << endl;
		cout << (s1 >= s2) << endl;
		cout << (s1 <= s2) << endl;
		cout << (s1 == s2) << endl;
		cout << (s1 != s2) << endl;
	}

运行结果：

private:
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& _cout, const TY::String& s);//友元
	//实现操作符<<
	ostream& TY::operator<<(ostream& cout, const TY::String& s)
{
	cout << s._str;
	return cout;
}