SpringMVC和jQuery的Ajax简单文件上传下载示例

准备工作:
前端引入:1、jquery，我在这里用的是：jquery-1.10.2.min.js
2、ajaxfileupload.js
这里可能会报一些错，所以在json判断那里修改为（网上也有）：

if ( type == "json" ){
   data = r.responseText;   
   var start = data.indexOf(">");   
   if(start != -1) {   
      var end = data.indexOf("<", start + 1);   
      if(end != -1) {   
    	 data = data.substring(start + 1, end);   
      }   
   } 
   eval( "data = " + data );
}

末尾那里补充一段：

handleError: function( s, xhr, status, e ) {
  if ( s.error ) {
       s.error.call( s.context || window, xhr, status, e );
  }
  if ( s.global ) {
     (s.context ? jQuery(s.context) : jQuery.event).trigger  ( "ajaxError", [xhr, s, e] );
  }
}

后台导入spring的jar包，我这里用的是：spring3.0.5
在spring.xml里配置如下：

	<!-- SpringMVC上传文件时，需要配置MultipartResolver处理器 -->  
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">  
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>  
        <!-- 指定所上传文件的总大小不能超过200KB。注意maxUploadSize属性的限制不是针对单个文件，而是所有文件的容量之和 -->  
        <!-- 不在这里限制了,后台各自进行限制了
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="2000000"/> 
        --> 
   	</bean> 

 	<!-- SpringMVC在超出上传文件限制时，会抛出org.springframework.web.multipart.MaxUploadSizeExceededException -->  
    <!-- 该异常是SpringMVC在检查上传的文件信息时抛出来的，而且此时还没有进入到Controller方法中 -->  
    <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">  
        <property name="exceptionMappings">  
            <props>  
                <!-- 遇到MaxUploadSizeExceededException异常时，跳转到/page/html/errorGolbal.html页面 -->  
                <prop key="org.springframework.web.multipart.MaxUploadSizeExceededException">/page/html/errorGolbal.html</prop>  
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>

[b][color=red]这里就充分利用框架的便利性帮你都做好了，如果你不在xml里配置这些，那么在controller那里，request.getInputStream()得到的这个流不全是文件流，还包含了其他，需要你自己编码去解析，当然，要解析的话还要知道http相关报文解析知识，所以这里可以充分利用框架的便利性，有兴趣的可以研究下[/color][/b]

好了，准备工作做好了，看下前端的具体代码：

			<div id="fileUpLoad" class="manage">
				添附文件
				<!-- 自定义 <input type="file"/> -->
				<input type="file" id="btnFile" name="btnFile" onchange="txtFoo.value=this.value;com.company.project.services.newCase.fileUpLoad()" hidden="hidden" />
				<input type="text" id="txtFoo" readonly="readonly" style="width: 300px" />         
				<button onclick="btnFile.click()" style="height: 25px;">选择文件</button>
			</div>

js代码为：

if (!window.com) {
	window.com = {};
}
if (!window.com.company) {
	window.com.company= {};
}
if (!window.com.company.project) {
	window.com.company.project= {};
}
if (!window.com.company.project.services) {
	window.com.company.project.services = {};
}
if (!window.com.company.project.services.newCase) {
	window.com.company.project.services.newCase = {};
}

//生成随机guid数(参考网上)
com.company.project.services.newCase.getGuidGenerator = function() { 
    var S4 = function() { 
       return (((1+Math.random())*0x10000)|0).toString(16).substring(1); 
    }; 
    return (S4()+S4()+"-"+S4()+"-"+S4()+"-"+S4()+"-"+S4()+S4()+S4()); 
};

//上传文件
com.company.project.services.newCase.fileUpLoad = function(){
	var fileName = $("#btnFile").val();//文件名
	fileName = fileName.split("\\");
	fileName = fileName[fileName.length-1];
	var guid = com.company.project.services.newCase.getGuidGenerator();//唯一标识guid
	var data = {guid:guid};
	jQuery.ajaxSettings.traditional = true;
	$.ajaxFileUpload({
		url : '/PROJECT/function.do?method=fileUpLoad',
		secureuri : false,//安全协议
		fileElementId:'btnFile',//id
		type : 'POST',
		dataType : 'json',
		data:data,
		async : false,
		error : function(data,status,e) {
			alert('Operate Failed!');
		},
		success : function(json) {
			if (json.resultFlag==false){
				alert(json.resultMessage);
			}else{
				alert('文件上传成功!');
				var next = $("#fileUpLoad").html();
				$("#fileUpLoad").html("<div id='"+guid+"'>"+"文件:"+fileName+"   <a href='#' onclick='com.company.project.services.newCase.filedelete("+"\""+guid+"\""+","+"\""+fileName+"\""+")'>删除</a>"+"<br/></div>");
				$("#fileUpLoad").append(next);
			}
		}
	});
};

//文件删除
com.company.project.services.newCase.filedelete = function(guid,fileName){
	jQuery.ajaxSettings.traditional = true;
	var data = {guid:guid,fileName:fileName};
	$.ajax({
		url : '/PROJECT/function.do?method=filedelete',
		type : 'POST',
		dataType : 'json',
		data:data,
		async : false,
		error : function() {
			alert('Operate Failed!');
		},
		success : function(json) {
			if (json.resultFlag==false){
				alert(json.resultMessage);
			}else{
				alert('删除成功!');
				$("#"+guid).remove();
			}
		}
	});
};

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[color=darkred]注：如果你对ajax不熟悉，或者由于浏览器等原因，致使上述方式提交出现各种问题，那么你可以用form表单形式提交,代码片段如下：[/color]

			<div id="fileUpLoad" class="manage">
				<form id="needHide" action="/工程/function.do?method=fileUpLoad" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" target = "hidden_frame">
				<!-- 自定义 <input type="file"/> -->
				<input type="file" id="btnFile" name="btnFile" onchange="txtFoo.value=this.value;com.company.project.services.newCase.fileUpLoad()" hidden="hidden"/>
				</form>
				添附文件
				<input type="text" id="txtFoo" readonly="readonly" style="width: 300px" />         
				<button onclick="btnFile.click()" style="height: 25px;">选择文件</button>
				<iframe name='hidden_frame' id="hidden_frame" style='display: none' onload="com.company.project.services.newCase.statusCheck()"></iframe>
			</div>

[color=darkred]js代码写为:[/color]

var flag = true;
com.company.project.services.newCase.statusCheck = function(){
	if(flag == false){
		var status = hidden_frame.window.document.getElementById("hideForm").innerHTML;
		console.log(status);
	}
	flag = false;
};

//上传文件
com.company.project.services.newCase.fileUpLoad = function(){
	$("#needHide").submit();
}

[color=darkred]后台代码主要在最后变为:[/color]

PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter();
printWriter.write("<div id='hideForm'>1111</div>");

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

后台对应java代码段为：

	@RequestMapping(params = "method=fileUpLoad")
	//btnFile对应页面的name属性
	public void fileUpLoad(@RequestParam MultipartFile[] btnFile, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
		try{
			//文件类型:btnFile[0].getContentType()
			//文件名称:btnFile[0].getName()
			if(btnFile[0].getSize()>Integer.MAX_VALUE){//文件长度
				OutputUtil.jsonArrOutPut(response, JSONArray.fromObject("上传文件过大!"));
			}
			InputStream is = btnFile[0].getInputStream();//多文件也适用,我这里就一个文件
			//String fileName = request.getParameter("fileName");
			String guid = request.getParameter("guid");
			byte[] b = new byte[(int)btnFile[0].getSize()];
			int read = 0;
			int i = 0;
			while((read=is.read())!=-1){
				b[i] = (byte) read;
				i++;
			}
			is.close();
			OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File("D://"+guid+"."+btnFile[0].getOriginalFilename()));//文件原名,如a.txt
			os.write(b);
			os.flush();
			os.close();
			OutputUtil.jsonOutPut(response, null);
		}catch (Exception e) {
			OutputUtil.errorOutPut(response, "系统异常");
		}
	}

	@RequestMapping(params = "method=filedelete")
	public void filedelete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
		try{
			String guid = request.getParameter("guid");
			String fileName = request.getParameter("fileName");
			File file = new File("D://"+guid+"."+fileName);
			boolean isDeleted = file.delete();
			if(!isDeleted){
				OutputUtil.errorOutPut(response, "文件删除失败");
			}
			OutputUtil.jsonArrOutPut(response, null);
		}catch (Exception e) {
			OutputUtil.errorOutPut(response, "系统异常");
		}
	}

另外：如果是图片上传的话，你也可以不保存在什么临时目录，可以用base64进行编解码，网上也有很多，简单介绍下：
后台只要这么做：

//得到byte数组后
BASE64Encoder base64e = new BASE64Encoder();
			JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
			String base64Str = base64e.encode(b);
			ja.add(base64Str);
			OutputUtil.jsonArrOutPut(response, JSONArray.fromObject(ja));

前台页面只要这么就可以拿到了：

$("#fileUpLoad")
.append("<image src='"+"data:image/gif;base64,"+json.resultMessage[0]+"' >");

[b][color=red]
对于json相关不大了解的可以参考我的博文:
http://quarterlifeforjava.iteye.com/blog/2024336
[/color][/b]

效果和iteye的相似：
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0099/1346/56a9a5c8-8f19-3363-bfe6-6592f54ef064.png[/img]

[color=red]补充：如果要让表单提交后还是留在当前页面，除了Ajax还可以用iframe，代码如下：
其实关键就是iframe和form中的target[/color]

<form target="actionframe" id="needHide" action="/项目名/project.do?method=fileUpLoad" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
							<input type="file" id="btnFile" name="btnFile" onchange="txtFoo.value=this.value;" hidden="hidden" />
							<input type="text" id="txtFoo" disabled="disabled" style="width: 420px" />
						</form>
						<iframe width="0" height="0" name="actionframe"></iframe>

另外关于excel的导入导出可以参考下面的博客：http://xiaoxiong-it.iteye.com/blog/1433131
简单介绍下：
前台页面：

					<form id="that_excel_submit" action="/项目名/translate.do?method=excelInput" method="post">
							<input id="fileName" type="file" style="font-size: 10;height: 22px;width: 120px;"/>
							<input type="button" style="font-size: 15;height: 23px;width: 120px;color:#FFFFFF;background:url(../images/button1.png);border-radius:2px;border-style:none;" onclick="com.compay.project.services.translate.excelInput()" value="EXCEL文件导入"/>
						</form>
<!-- -------------------------------------------------- -->
				    <form id="this_excel_submit" action="/项目名/translate.do?method=excelExport" method="post">
					    	<input type="hidden" name="searchInfo" id="input_searchInfo"/>
					    	<input type="hidden" name="type" id="input_type"/>
					    	<input type="hidden" name="addStartDate" id="input_addStartDate"/>
					    	<input type="hidden" name="addEndDate" id="input_addEndDate"/>
					    	<input type="hidden" name="modStartDate" id="input_modStartDate"/>
					    	<input type="hidden" name="modEndDate" id="input_modEndDate"/>
					    	<input type="hidden" name="pageIndex" id="input_pageIndex"/>
							<input type="radio" id="exportCheck" value="0" name="exportCheck" checked="checked"/>当前页
					    	<input type="radio" id="exportCheck" value="1" name="exportCheck"/>所有
					    	<input type="button" style="font-size: 15;height: 23px;width: 120px;color:#FFFFFF;background:url(../images/button1.png);border-radius:2px;border-style:none;" onclick="com.company.project.services.translate.excelExport()" value="EXCEL文件导出"/>
						</form>

js那里的话就是：$("#ID").submit();
后台如下：

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/translate.do")
public class Test {

	@RequestMapping(params = "method=excelExport")
         @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
	public void excelExport(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
		try {
			JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();//从数据库中查出
			response.reset();
			response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
		    response.addHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode("新建文件", "UTF-8")+".xlsx");//excel文件名
		    OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();//new FileOutputStream("D:"+File.separator+"a.xlsx");//文件本地存储地址
		    //创建一个新的excel
			XSSFWorkbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook();//XSSFWorkbook
			//创建sheet页
			XSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("术语及解释");//sheet名
			//创建行数
			XSSFRow[] row = new XSSFRow[ja.size()+1];
			//设置第一行为头
			row[0] = sheet.createRow(0);
			for(int i=0;i<14;i++){
				XSSFCell headerCell = row[0].createCell(i);//在第一行创建14列
				headerCell.setCellValue(new XSSFRichTextString("分类"+i));//分别在14列插入数据
			}
			//第i行插入数据
			for (int i = 1; i < row.length; i++) {//从1开始,因为第一行已经设置过了
				row[i] = sheet.createRow(i);
				sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(30);//设置列的长度
				@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
				Map<String,Object> m = (Map<String,Object>)(ja.get(i-1));
				XSSFCell[] headerCell = new XSSFCell[15];//15列
				for(int j=0;j<15;j++){
					headerCell[j] = row[i].createCell(j);
					headerCell[j].setCellValue(new XSSFRichTextString((String)m.get("数据库里对应字段(key值)")));
				}
			}
			wb.write(out);
			out.flush();
			out.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			//异常 e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(new String());
		}
	}

	@RequestMapping(params = "method=excelInput")
         @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
	public void excelInput(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
		try{
			//String filePath = request.getParameter("filePath");
			InputStream fis = request.getInputStream();;   
			//创建工作薄
			HSSFWorkbook hwb = new HSSFWorkbook(new POIFSFileSystem(fis));   
			//得到sheet
			for (int i = 0; i < hwb.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) {
				System.out.println("1");
			}
			//XSSFSheet sheet = hwb.getSheetAt(0);   
			OutputUtil.jsonArrOutPut(response, null);
		}catch (Exception e) {
				OutputUtil.errorOutPut(response, JtmaConstants.SYSTEM_ERRCODE);//异常
throw new RuntimeException(new String());
		}
	}

}

关于文件上传下载建议用缓冲流来写，简单示例如下：

	@RequestMapping(params = "method=fileUpLoad")
	//btnFile对应页面的name属性
	public void fileUpLoad(@RequestParam MultipartFile[] btnFile, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
		BufferedInputStream bis = null;
		BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
		try{
			//文件类型:btnFile[0].getContentType()
			//文件名称:btnFile[0].getName()
			//if(btnFile[0].getSize()>Integer.MAX_VALUE){//文件长度
			//	OutputUtil.jsonArrOutPut(response, JSONArray.fromObject("上传文件过大!"));
			//}
			String fileForCaseId = request.getParameter("fileForCaseId");
			InputStream is = btnFile[0].getInputStream();//多文件也适用,我这里就一个文件
			String filePath = Constants.FILE_ROOT_PATH+File.separator+fileForCaseId;
			File file = new File(filePath);
			if(!(file.exists())){
				file.mkdirs();//如果不存在该文件目录,则创建
			}/**else{//关于冗余文件的删除需再作详细考虑,因为涉及到还原操作
				String fileList[] = file.list();
				for (int j = 0; j < fileList.length; j++) {
					File delfile = new File(filePath + File.separator + fileList[j]); 
					delfile.delete();
				}
			}*/
			File fullFilePath = new File(filePath+File.separator+btnFile[0].getOriginalFilename());//判断文件是否存在
			long fileSize = (long)btnFile[0].getSize();
			byte[] b = new byte[1024*1024*1];//缓冲区每次读1MB
			if(fileSize<=b.length){//连缓冲1M都达不到
				b = new byte[(int)fileSize];
			}
			int bLength = b.length;
			if(!(fullFilePath.exists())){
				bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
				bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fullFilePath,true));
				while(fileSize>0){
					bis.read(b, 0, bLength);
					bos.write(b, 0, bLength);
					fileSize = fileSize - bLength;
				}
			}
			//PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter();  
			//printWriter.write("<div id='hideForm'>1</div>");
			OutputUtil.jsonOutPut(response, null);
		}catch (Exception e) {
			/**
			try {
				PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter();
				printWriter.write("<div id='hideForm'>0</div>"); 
			} catch (IOException e1) {
				OutputUtil.errorOutPut(response, "系统异常");
			} 
			*/ 
			OutputUtil.errorOutPut(response, JtmaConstants.SYSTEM_ERRCODE);//异常
		}finally{
			try {
				if(bos!=null){
					bos.close();
				}
				if(bis!=null){
					bis.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				OutputUtil.errorOutPut(response, JtmaConstants.SYSTEM_ERRCODE);//异常
			}
		}
	}

	@RequestMapping(params = "method=fileDownLoad")
	@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
	public void fileDownLoad(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
		FileInputStream fos = null;
		ServletOutputStream sos = null;
		try{
			String caseId = request.getParameter("caseId");
			String fileName = URLDecoder.decode(request.getParameter("fileName"),"UTF-8");
			response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
			response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");             
			response.setContentType("application/OCTET-STREAM;charset=UTF-8");
			byte b[] = new byte[1024*1024*1];//1M
			int read = 0;
			fos = new FileInputStream(new File(Constants.FILE_ROOT_PATH+File.separator+caseId+File.separator+fileName)); 
			sos = response.getOutputStream();
			while((read=fos.read(b))!=-1){
				sos.write(b,0,read);//每次写1M
			}
			//OutputUtil.jsonOutPut(response, null);
		}catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("");
		}finally{
			try {
				if(sos!=null){
					sos.close();
				}
				if(fos!=null){
					fos.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("");
			}
		}
	}

关于邮件的发送，简单示例如下：

简单邮件发送： 
Properties properties = new Properties(); 
//设置邮件服务器 
properties.put("mail.smtp.host", SMTP_HOST); 
//验证 
properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "false"); 
//根据属性新建一个邮件会话 
Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(properties); 
mailSession.setDebug(true); 
//建立消息对象 
MimeMessage mailMessage = new MimeMessage(mailSession); 
//发件人 
mailMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(fromAddress)); 
//收件人 
mailMessage.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(toAddress)); 
//主题 
mailMessage.setSubject(title); 
//内容 
mailMessage.setText(message); 
//发信时间 
mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date()); 
mailMessage.setContent(message, "text/html;charset=gb2312" ); 
//存储信息 
//mailMessage.saveChanges(); 
Transport trans = mailSession.getTransport("smtp"); 
//发送 
trans.send(mailMessage);