邮箱SMTP协议POP3和IMAP协议理解

有一篇写的很好的文章：SMTP协议简析 - 知乎

邮件概要示意图

整个发信到收信概要有三个阶段

• 客户端通过SMTP协议发送给自己的邮件服务器
• 邮件服务器通过SMTP协议把邮件投递到收件人的邮件服务器
• 收件人借助POP3/IMAP从自己的邮件服务器收取最新的邮件

SMTP 全称是Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

IMAP 全称是 Internet Mail Access Protocol

POP3 全称是 Post Office Protocol - Version 3 

设置MX记录和反垃圾配置(DNS里的txt记录）

MX记录(MX Record）是DNS中的一种资源记录类型

基于SMTP协议的规定 RFC 2049: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Five: Conformance Criteria and Examples

一段依据smtp协议实现的代码，代码来自：C#实现SMTP服务器_多可软件

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Collections;

namespace Utility
{
    public enum MailFormat { Text, HTML };
    public enum MailPriority { Low = 1, Normal = 3, High = 5 };
    #region Class mailAttachments
    public class MailAttachments
    {
        private const int MaxAttachmentNum = 10;
        private IList _Attachments;
        public MailAttachments()
        {
            _Attachments = new ArrayList();
        }
        public string this[int index]
        {
            get { return (string)_Attachments[index]; }
        }
        ///

        /// 添加邮件附件
        ///

        /// 附件的绝对路径
        public void Add(params string[] filePath)
        {
            if (filePath == null)
            {
                throw (new ArgumentNullException("非法的附件"));
            }
            else
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < filePath.Length; i++)
                {
                    Add(filePath[i]);
                }
            }
        }
        ///

        /// 添加一个附件,当指定的附件不存在时，忽略该附件，不产生异常。
        ///

        /// 附件的绝对路径
        public void Add(string filePath)
        {
            //当附件存在时才加入,否则忽略
            if (System.IO.File.Exists(filePath))
            {
                if (_Attachments.Count < MaxAttachmentNum)
                {
                    _Attachments.Add(filePath);
                }
            }
        }
        public void Clear()//清除所有附件
        {
            _Attachments.Clear();
        }
        public int Count//获取附件个数
        {
            get { return _Attachments.Count; }
        }
    }
    #endregion//end Class mailAttachments

    #region Class MailMessage
    ///

    /// MailMessage 表示SMTP要发送的一封邮件的消息。
    ///

    public class MailMessage
    {
        private const int MaxRecipientNum = 10;
        public MailMessage()
        {
            _Recipients = new ArrayList();//收件人列表
            _Attachments = new MailAttachments();//附件
            _BodyFormat = MailFormat.Text;//缺省的邮件格式为Text
            _Priority = MailPriority.Normal;
            _Charset = "GB2312";
        }
        ///

        /// 设定语言代码，默认设定为GB2312，如不需要可设置为""
        ///

        public string Charset
        {
            get { return _Charset; }
            set { _Charset = value; }
        }
        public string From
        {
            get { return _From; }
            set { _From = value; }
        }
        public string FromName
        {
            get { return _FromName; }
            set { _FromName = value; }
        }
        public string Body
        {
            get { return _Body; }
            set { _Body = value; }
        }
        public string Subject
        {
            get { return _Subject; }
            set { _Subject = value; }
        }
        public MailAttachments Attachments
        {
            get { return _Attachments; }
            set { _Attachments = value; }
        }
        public MailPriority Priority
        {
            get { return _Priority; }
            set { _Priority = value; }
        }
        public IList Recipients
        {
            get { return _Recipients; }
        }
        ///

        /// 增加一个收件人地址
        ///

        /// 收件人的Email地址
        public void AddRecipients(string recipient)
        {
            //先检查邮件地址是否符合规范
            if (_Recipients.Count < MaxRecipientNum)
            {
                _Recipients.Add(recipient);//增加到收件人列表
            }
        }
        public void AddRecipients(params string[] recipient)
        {
            if (recipient == null)
            {
                throw (new ArgumentException("收件人不能为空."));
            }
            else
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < recipient.Length; i++)
                {
                    AddRecipients(recipient[i]);
                }
            }
        }
        public MailFormat BodyFormat
        {
            set { _BodyFormat = value; }
            get { return _BodyFormat; }
        }
        private string _From;//发件人地址
        private string _FromName;//发件人姓名
        private IList _Recipients;//收件人
        private MailAttachments _Attachments;//附件
        private string _Body;//内容
        private string _Subject;//主题
        private MailFormat _BodyFormat;//邮件格式
        private string _Charset = "GB2312";//字符编码格式
        private MailPriority _Priority;//邮件优先级
    }
    #endregion

    #region Class SmtpMail
    public class SmtpServerHelper
    {
        private string CRLF = "\r\n";//回车换行
        ///

        /// 错误消息反馈
        ///

        private string errmsg;
        ///

        /// TcpClient对象，用于连接服务器
        ///

        private TcpClient tcpClient;
        ///

        /// NetworkStream对象
        ///

        private NetworkStream networkStream;
        ///

        /// 服务器交互记录
        ///

        private string logs = "";
        ///

        /// SMTP错误代码哈希表
        ///

        private Hashtable ErrCodeHT = new Hashtable();
        ///

        /// SMTP正确代码哈希表
        ///

        private Hashtable RightCodeHT = new Hashtable();
        public SmtpServerHelper()
        {
            SMTPCodeAdd();//初始化SMTPCode
        }
        ~SmtpServerHelper()
        {
            networkStream.Close();
            tcpClient.Close();
        }
        ///

        /// 将字符串编码为Base64字符串
        ///

        /// 要编码的字符串
        private string Base64Encode(string str)
        {
            byte[] barray;
            barray = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str);
            return Convert.ToBase64String(barray);
        }
        ///

        /// 将Base64字符串解码为普通字符串
        ///

        /// 要解码的字符串
        private string Base64Decode(string str)
        {
            byte[] barray;
            barray = Convert.FromBase64String(str);
            return Encoding.Default.GetString(barray);
        }
        ///

        /// 得到上传附件的文件流
        ///

        /// 附件的绝对路径
        private string GetStream(string FilePath)
        {
            //建立文件流对象
            System.IO.FileStream FileStr = new System.IO.FileStream(FilePath, System.IO.FileMode.Open);
            byte[] by = new byte[System.Convert.ToInt32(FileStr.Length)];
            FileStr.Read(by, 0, by.Length);
            FileStr.Close();
            return (System.Convert.ToBase64String(by));
        }
        ///

        /// SMTP回应代码哈希表
        ///

        private void SMTPCodeAdd()
        {
            //[RFC 821 4.2.1.]
            /*
            4.2.2. NUMERIC ORDER LIST OF REPLY CODES
            211 System status, or system help reply
            214 Help message
            [Information on how to use the receiver or the meaning of a
            particular non-standard command; this reply is useful only
            to the human user]
            220 Service ready
            221 Service closing transmission channel
            250 Requested mail action okay, completed
            251 User not local; will forward to

            354 Start mail input; end with .

            421 Service not available,
            closing transmission channel
            [This may be a reply to any command if the service knows it
            must shut down]
            450 Requested mail action not taken: mailbox unavailable
            [E.g., mailbox busy]
            451 Requested action aborted: local error in processing
            452 Requested action not taken: insufficient system storage

            500 Syntax error, command unrecognized
            [This may include errors such as command line too long]
            501 Syntax error in parameters or arguments
            502 Command not implemented
            503 Bad sequence of commands
            504 Command parameter not implemented
            550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable
            [E.g., mailbox not found, no access]
            551 User not local; please try
            552 Requested mail action aborted: exceeded storage allocation
            553 Requested action not taken: mailbox name not allowed
            [E.g., mailbox syntax incorrect]
            554 Transaction failed

            */
            ErrCodeHT.Add("421", "服务未就绪，关闭传输信道");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("432", "需要一个密码转换");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("450", "要求的邮件操作未完成，邮箱不可用（例如，邮箱忙）");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("451", "放弃要求的操作；处理过程中出错");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("452", "系统存储不足，要求的操作未执行");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("454", "临时认证失败");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("500", "邮箱地址错误");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("501", "参数格式错误");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("502", "命令不可实现");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("503", "服务器需要SMTP验证");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("504", "命令参数不可实现");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("530", "需要认证");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("534", "认证机制过于简单");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("538", "当前请求的认证机制需要加密");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("550", "要求的邮件操作未完成，邮箱不可用（例如，邮箱未找到，或不可访问）");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("551", "用户非本地，请尝试");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("552", "过量的存储分配，要求的操作未执行");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("553", "邮箱名不可用，要求的操作未执行（例如邮箱格式错误）");
            ErrCodeHT.Add("554", "传输失败");

            /*
            211 System status, or system help reply
            214 Help message
            [Information on how to use the receiver or the meaning of a
            particular non-standard command; this reply is useful only
            to the human user]
            220 Service ready
            221 Service closing transmission channel
            250 Requested mail action okay, completed
            251 User not local; will forward to

            354 Start mail input; end with .
            */
            RightCodeHT.Add("220", "服务就绪");
            RightCodeHT.Add("221", "服务关闭传输信道");
            RightCodeHT.Add("235", "验证成功");
            RightCodeHT.Add("250", "要求的邮件操作完成");
            RightCodeHT.Add("251", "非本地用户，将转发向");
            RightCodeHT.Add("334", "服务器响应验证Base64字符串");
            RightCodeHT.Add("354", "开始邮件输入，以.结束");
        }
        ///

        /// 发送SMTP命令
        ///

        private bool SendCommand(string str)
        {
            byte[] WriteBuffer;
            if (str == null || str.Trim() == String.Empty)
            {
                return true;
            }
            logs += str;
            WriteBuffer = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str);
            try
            {
                networkStream.Write(WriteBuffer, 0, WriteBuffer.Length);
            }
            catch
            {
                errmsg = "网络连接错误";
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        ///

        /// 接收SMTP服务器回应
        ///

        private string RecvResponse()
        {
            int StreamSize;
            string Returnvalue = String.Empty;
            byte[] ReadBuffer = new byte[1024];
            try
            {
                StreamSize = networkStream.Read(ReadBuffer, 0, ReadBuffer.Length);
            }
            catch
            {
                errmsg = "网络连接错误";
                return "false";
            }
            if (StreamSize == 0)
            {
                return Returnvalue;
            }
            else
            {
                Returnvalue = Encoding.Default.GetString(ReadBuffer).Substring(0, StreamSize);
                logs += Returnvalue + this.CRLF;
                return Returnvalue;
            }
        }
        ///

        /// 与服务器交互，发送一条命令并接收回应。
        ///

        /// 一个要发送的命令
        /// 如果错误，要反馈的信息
        private bool Dialog(string str, string errstr)
        {
            if (str == null || str.Trim() == string.Empty)
            {
                return true;
            }
            if (SendCommand(str))
            {
                string RR = RecvResponse();
                if (RR == "false")
                {
                    return false;
                }
                //检查返回的代码，根据[RFC 821]返回代码为3位数字代码如220
                string RRCode = RR.Substring(0, 3);
                if (RightCodeHT[RRCode] != null)
                {
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (ErrCodeHT[RRCode] != null)
                    {
                        errmsg += (RRCode + ErrCodeHT[RRCode].ToString());
                        errmsg += CRLF;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        errmsg += RR;
                    }
                    errmsg += errstr;
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        ///

        /// 与服务器交互，发送一组命令并接收回应。
        ///

        private bool Dialog(string[] str, string errstr)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)
            {
                if (!Dialog(str[i], ""))
                {
                    errmsg += CRLF;
                    errmsg += errstr;
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        //连接服务器
        private bool Connect(string smtpServer, int port)
        {
            //创建Tcp连接
            try
            {
                tcpClient = new TcpClient(smtpServer, port);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                errmsg = e.ToString();
                return false;
            }
            networkStream = tcpClient.GetStream();
            //验证网络连接是否正确
            if (RightCodeHT[RecvResponse().Substring(0, 3)] == null)
            {
                errmsg = "网络连接失败";
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        private string GetPriorityString(MailPriority mailPriority)
        {
            string priority = "Normal";
            if (mailPriority == MailPriority.Low)
            {
                priority = "Low";
            }
            else if (mailPriority == MailPriority.High)
            {
                priority = "High";
            }
            return priority;
        }
        ///

        /// 发送电子邮件，SMTP服务器不需要身份验证
        ///

        ///
        ///
        ///
        ///
        public bool SendEmail(string smtpServer, int port, MailMessage mailMessage)
        {
            return SendEmail(smtpServer, port, false, "", "", mailMessage);
        }
        ///

        /// 发送电子邮件，SMTP服务器需要身份验证
        ///

        ///
        ///
        ///
        ///
        ///
        ///
        public bool SendEmail(string smtpServer, int port, string username, string password, MailMessage mailMessage)
        {
            return SendEmail(smtpServer, port, false, username, password, mailMessage);
        }
        private bool SendEmail(string smtpServer, int port, bool ESmtp, string username, string password, MailMessage mailMessage)
        {
            if (Connect(smtpServer, port) == false)//测试连接服务器是否成功
                return false;
            string priority = GetPriorityString(mailMessage.Priority);
            bool Html = (mailMessage.BodyFormat == MailFormat.HTML);

            string[] SendBuffer;
            string SendBufferstr;
            //进行SMTP验证，现在大部分SMTP服务器都要认证
            if (ESmtp)
            {
                SendBuffer = new String[4];
                SendBuffer[0] = "EHLO " + smtpServer + CRLF;
                SendBuffer[1] = "AUTH LOGIN" + CRLF;
                SendBuffer[2] = Base64Encode(username) + CRLF;
                SendBuffer[3] = Base64Encode(password) + CRLF;
                if (!Dialog(SendBuffer, "SMTP服务器验证失败，请核对用户名和密码。"))
                    return false;
            }
            else
            {//不需要身份认证
                SendBufferstr = "HELO " + smtpServer + CRLF;
                if (!Dialog(SendBufferstr, ""))
                    return false;
            }
            //发件人地址
            SendBufferstr = "MAIL FROM:<" + mailMessage.From + ">" + CRLF;
            if (!Dialog(SendBufferstr, "发件人地址错误，或不能为空"))
                return false;
            //收件人地址
            SendBuffer = new string[mailMessage.Recipients.Count];
            for (int i = 0; i < mailMessage.Recipients.Count; i++)
            {
                SendBuffer[i] = "RCPT TO:<" + (string)mailMessage.Recipients[i] + ">" + CRLF;
            }
            if (!Dialog(SendBuffer, "收件人地址有误"))
                return false;
            /*
            SendBuffer=new string[10];
            for(int i=0;i {
            SendBuffer[i]="RCPT TO:<" + RecipientBCC[i].ToString() +">" + CRLF;
            }
            if(!Dialog(SendBuffer,"密件收件人地址有误"))
            return false;
            */
            SendBufferstr = "DATA" + CRLF;
            if (!Dialog(SendBufferstr, ""))
                return false;
            //发件人姓名
            SendBufferstr = "From:" + mailMessage.FromName + "<" + mailMessage.From + ">" + CRLF;
            //if(ReplyTo.Trim()!="")
            //{
            // SendBufferstr+="Reply-To: " + ReplyTo + CRLF;
            //}
            //SendBufferstr+="To:" + ToName + "<" + Recipient[0] +">" +CRLF;
            //至少要有一个收件人
            if (mailMessage.Recipients.Count == 0)
            {
                return false;
            }
            else
            {
                SendBufferstr += "To:=?" + mailMessage.Charset.ToUpper() + "?B?" +
                Base64Encode((string)mailMessage.Recipients[0]) + "?=" + "<" + (string)mailMessage.Recipients[0] + ">" + CRLF;
            }

            //SendBufferstr+="CC:";
            //for(int i=0;i //{
            // SendBufferstr+=Recipient[i].ToString() + "<" + Recipient[i].ToString() +">,";
            //}
            //SendBufferstr+=CRLF;
            SendBufferstr +=
            ((mailMessage.Subject == String.Empty || mailMessage.Subject == null) ? "Subject:" : ((mailMessage.Charset == "") ? ("Subject:" +
            mailMessage.Subject) : ("Subject:" + "=?" + mailMessage.Charset.ToUpper() + "?B?" +
            Base64Encode(mailMessage.Subject) + "?="))) + CRLF;
            SendBufferstr += "X-Priority:" + priority + CRLF;
            SendBufferstr += "X-MSMail-Priority:" + priority + CRLF;
            SendBufferstr += "Importance:" + priority + CRLF;
            SendBufferstr += "X-Mailer: Lion.Web.Mail.SmtpMail Pubclass [cn]" + CRLF;
            SendBufferstr += "MIME-Version: 1.0" + CRLF;
            if (mailMessage.Attachments.Count != 0)
            {
                SendBufferstr += "Content-Type: multipart/mixed;" + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += " boundary=\"=====" +
                (Html ? "001_Dragon520636771063_" : "001_Dragon303406132050_") + "=====\"" + CRLF + CRLF;
            }
            if (Html)
            {
                if (mailMessage.Attachments.Count == 0)
                {
                    SendBufferstr += "Content-Type: multipart/alternative;" + CRLF;//内容格式和分隔符
                    SendBufferstr += " boundary=\"=====003_Dragon520636771063_=====\"" + CRLF + CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += "This is a multi-part message in MIME format." + CRLF + CRLF;
                }
                else
                {
                    SendBufferstr += "This is a multi-part message in MIME format." + CRLF + CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += "--=====001_Dragon520636771063_=====" + CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += "Content-Type: multipart/alternative;" + CRLF;//内容格式和分隔符
                    SendBufferstr += " boundary=\"=====003_Dragon520636771063_=====\"" + CRLF + CRLF;
                }
                SendBufferstr += "--=====003_Dragon520636771063_=====" + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += "Content-Type: text/plain;" + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += ((mailMessage.Charset == "") ? (" charset=\"iso-8859-1\"") : (" charset=\"" +
                mailMessage.Charset.ToLower() + "\"")) + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64" + CRLF + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += Base64Encode("邮件内容为HTML格式，请选择HTML方式查看") + CRLF + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += "--=====003_Dragon520636771063_=====" + CRLF;

                SendBufferstr += "Content-Type: text/html;" + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += ((mailMessage.Charset == "") ? (" charset=\"iso-8859-1\"") : (" charset=\"" +
                mailMessage.Charset.ToLower() + "\"")) + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64" + CRLF + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += Base64Encode(mailMessage.Body) + CRLF + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += "--=====003_Dragon520636771063_=====--" + CRLF;
            }
            else
            {
                if (mailMessage.Attachments.Count != 0)
                {
                    SendBufferstr += "--=====001_Dragon303406132050_=====" + CRLF;
                }
                SendBufferstr += "Content-Type: text/plain;" + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += ((mailMessage.Charset == "") ? (" charset=\"iso-8859-1\"") : (" charset=\"" +
                mailMessage.Charset.ToLower() + "\"")) + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64" + CRLF + CRLF;
                SendBufferstr += Base64Encode(mailMessage.Body) + CRLF;
            }

            //SendBufferstr += "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64"+CRLF;
            if (mailMessage.Attachments.Count != 0)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < mailMessage.Attachments.Count; i++)
                {
                    string filepath = (string)mailMessage.Attachments[i];
                    SendBufferstr += "--=====" +
                    (Html ? "001_Dragon520636771063_" : "001_Dragon303406132050_") + "=====" + CRLF;
                    //SendBufferstr += "Content-Type: application/octet-stream"+CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += "Content-Type: text/plain;" + CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += " name=\"=?" + mailMessage.Charset.ToUpper() + "?B?" +
                    Base64Encode(filepath.Substring(filepath.LastIndexOf("\\") + 1)) + "?=\"" + CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64" + CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += "Content-Disposition: attachment;" + CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += " filename=\"=?" + mailMessage.Charset.ToUpper() + "?B?" +
                    Base64Encode(filepath.Substring(filepath.LastIndexOf("\\") + 1)) + "?=\"" + CRLF + CRLF;
                    SendBufferstr += GetStream(filepath) + CRLF + CRLF;
                }
                SendBufferstr += "--=====" +
                (Html ? "001_Dragon520636771063_" : "001_Dragon303406132050_") + "=====--" + CRLF + CRLF;
            }

            SendBufferstr += CRLF + "." + CRLF;//内容结束
            if (!Dialog(SendBufferstr, "错误信件信息"))
                return false;
            SendBufferstr = "QUIT" + CRLF;
            if (!Dialog(SendBufferstr, "断开连接时错误"))
                return false;
            networkStream.Close();
            tcpClient.Close();
            return true;
        }
    }

    public class SmtpMail
    {
        private static string _SmtpServer;
        ///

        /// 格式：SmtpAccount:Password@SmtpServerAddress

        /// 或者：SmtpServerAddress

        ///
        /// SmtpMail.SmtpServer="user:12345678@smtp.126.com";
        /// //或者:
        /// SmtpMail.SmtpServer="smtp.126.com";
        /// 或者：
        /// SmtpMail.SmtpServer=SmtpServerHelper.GetSmtpServer("user","12345678","smtp.126.com");
        ///
        ///

        public static string SmtpServer
        {
            set { _SmtpServer = value; }
            get { return _SmtpServer; }
        }
        public static bool Send(MailMessage mailMessage, string username, string password)
        {
            SmtpServerHelper helper = new SmtpServerHelper();
            return helper.SendEmail(_SmtpServer, 25, username, password, mailMessage);
        }
    }
    #endregion
}

调用代码,这样就可以模拟 邮件服务器发送邮件

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            SmtpMail.SmtpServer = "mail.duifang.com";
            MailMessage mail = new MailMessage();
            mail.From = "administrator@myhost.com";
            mail.FromName = "邮箱管理员";
            mail.AddRecipients("test@duifang.com");
            mail.Subject = "食堂问题调研";
            mail.BodyFormat = MailFormat.HTML;

            FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("F:\\_ZLearn\\Net\\anyUserMail\\anyUserMail\\anyUserMail\\mailhtml\\tep.txt",FileMode.Open);
            StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(fileStream);
            string content = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

            mail.Body = content;

            SmtpMail.Send(mail, "test", "this is a test");//请填写自己的测试邮件帐号
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
            Console.ReadKey();
        }