ASP.NET 复杂JSON字符串反序列化操作

在MIS系统开发中，有时需要在主页顶部显示天气信息，本篇经验将和大家介绍一下实现过程。

1、一个可以获取各个城市天气预报情况的网站：

http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=合肥

参数city的值根据你所在的城市相应修改，获取到的气象信息如下图所示：

JSON字符串如下：

{
    "desc": "OK",
    "status": 1000,
    "data": {
        "wendu": "25",
        "ganmao": "各项气象条件适宜，无明显降温过程，发生感冒机率较低。",
        "forecast": [
            {
                "fengxiang": "南风",
                "fengli": "3-4级",
                "high": "高温 27℃",
                "type": "晴",
                "low": "低温 15℃",
                "date": "14日星期五"
            },
            {
                "fengxiang": "东风",
                "fengli": "微风级",
                "high": "高温 28℃",
                "type": "多云",
                "low": "低温 18℃",
                "date": "15日星期六"
            },
            {
                "fengxiang": "东南风",
                "fengli": "3-4级",
                "high": "高温 25℃",
                "type": "中雨",
                "low": "低温 16℃",
                "date": "16日星期天"
            },
            {
                "fengxiang": "西风",
                "fengli": "3-4级",
                "high": "高温 25℃",
                "type": "多云",
                "low": "低温 20℃",
                "date": "17日星期一"
            },
            {
                "fengxiang": "西北风",
                "fengli": "3-4级",
                "high": "高温 27℃",
                "type": "晴",
                "low": "低温 15℃",
                "date": "18日星期二"
            }
        ],
        "yesterday": {
            "fl": "3-4级",
            "fx": "南风",
            "high": "高温 24℃",
            "type": "晴",
            "low": "低温 13℃",
            "date": "13日星期四"
        },
        "aqi": "73",
        "city": "合肥"
    }
}

附一个可以用于验证JSON字符串正确性的网址：http://www.bejson.com/

2、打开json2csharp网站，网站网址为：http://json2csharp.com/，将以上JSON串复制到编辑框中，然后点击“Generate”按钮，生成实体类，如下图所示：

3、C#代码实现，核心代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace CommonClass
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        public string fengxiang { get; set; }
        public string fengli { get; set; }
        public string high { get; set; }
        public string type { get; set; }
        public string low { get; set; }
        public string date { get; set; }
    }

    public class Yesterday
    {
        public string fl { get; set; }
        public string fx { get; set; }
        public string high { get; set; }
        public string type { get; set; }
        public string low { get; set; }
        public string date { get; set; }
    }

    public class Data
    {
        public string wendu { get; set; }
        public string ganmao { get; set; }
        public List<Forecast> forecast { get; set; }
        public Yesterday yesterday { get; set; }
        public string aqi { get; set; }
        public string city { get; set; }
    }

    public class RootObject
    {
        public string desc { get; set; }
        public int status { get; set; }
        public Data data { get; set; }
    }
}

Json2Entities.cs代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;

namespace CommonClass
{
    public class Json2Entities
    {
        /// <summary>  
        /// 将json字符串转化为方法实体类  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>  
        /// <param name="jsonString"></param>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public static T JsonToObject<T>(string jsonString)
        {
            DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T));
            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonString));
            T jsonObject = (T)ser.ReadObject(ms);
            ms.Close();
            return jsonObject;
        }
    }
}

        //用UTF-8转码有汉字参数的url
        protected string UrlUtf_8(string url)
        {
            byte[] bs = Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8").GetBytes(url);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < bs.Length; i++)
            {
                if (bs[i] < 128)
                    sb.Append((char)bs[i]);
                else
                {
                    sb.Append("%" + bs[i++].ToString("x").PadLeft(2, '0'));
                    sb.Append("%" + bs[i].ToString("x").PadLeft(2, '0'));
                }
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }
        //用UrlGB2312转码有汉字参数的url
        protected string UrlGB2312(string url)
        {
            byte[] bs = Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312").GetBytes(url);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < bs.Length; i++)
            {
                if (bs[i] < 128)
                    sb.Append((char)bs[i]);
                else
                {
                    sb.Append("%" + bs[i++].ToString("x").PadLeft(2, '0'));
                    sb.Append("%" + bs[i].ToString("x").PadLeft(2, '0'));
                }
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetFunction(string url)
        {
            string serviceAddress = url;
            //HttpWebRequest类继承于WebRequest，并没有自己的构造函数，需通过WebRequest的Creat方法 建立，并进行强制的类型转换 
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            request.ContentType = "text/html;charset=UTF-8";
            request.Method = "GET";
            //通过HttpWebRequest的GetResponse()方法建立HttpWebResponse,强制类型转换 
            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
            //GetResponseStream()方法获取HTTP响应的数据流,并尝试取得URL中所指定的网页内容 
            Stream myResponseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
            //站点在响应的时候用gzip压缩过了,用using (var gStream = new GZipStream(myResponseStream, CompressionMode.Decompress)){}解压 
            using (var gStream = new GZipStream(myResponseStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
            {
                //Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8")转码
                StreamReader myStreamReader = new StreamReader(gStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"));
                string retString = myStreamReader.ReadToEnd();
                myStreamReader.Close();
                response.Close();
                myResponseStream.Close();
                return retString;
            }
        }

string url = "http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=合肥";
string info = GetFunction(url);
RootObject rootObj = new RootObject();
rootObj = Json2Entities.JsonToObject<RootObject>(info);
string weather = rootObj.data.city + " " + rootObj.data.forecast[0].type + " " + rootObj.data.forecast[0].low.Replace("低温", "") + " ~ " + rootObj.data.forecast[0].high.Replace("高温", "");

4、实现效果如下图所示：