Design Pattern 概念

Given a language, define a represention for its grammar along with an interpreter that uses the representation to interpret sentences in the language.

Iterator

一种顺序访问聚合对象中各元素的方法，而又不暴露对象的内部表示

Mediator

用中介对象封装一系列对象的交互

Memento

不破坏封装的前提下，捕获对象的内部状态，并在对象之外保持这个状态。

Observer

对象内部状态发生变化时，广播通知的机制

Singleton

保证一个类只有一个实例

Strategy

定义一系列算法，把他们封装起立，使它们可以互换

Template Method

定义算法的框架，其中一些步骤延迟到子类

Visitor

不改变各元素类的前提下定义作用于这些元素的新操作

Command

将请求封装为对象，可以用不同的请求对客户进行参数化

Chain of Responsibility

将对象连成一条链，请求沿着链传递，直到有一个对象处理它.

State

容许对象状态改变时改变它的行为

如何学习，扪心自问的几个问题

应用了什么原则
解决了什么问题
有什么好处
自己如何处理类似情况，对照Pattern

常见模式

Observer

Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.

Observer MSC

TBD

Observer structure & principles

设计原则

松耦合

接口明确, SRP

变化被独立出来（主题的状态，观察者的类型和数目）

动态组合（动态添加观察者）

Examples

Imaging ………

Java

subject::setListener(observer* pObs);

Adapter

Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. Adapter lets classes work together that couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces.

Structure and Principles

TBD

Example

Could you find examples?

Decorator

Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.

Example

Imaging: How to design a ScrollBorderTextView

Decorator Structure & Principles

Open-Close

Composite vs. inheritance

Examples

Question

TextView GUI component and we want to add different kinds of borders and scrollbars to it.

Suppose we have three types of borders:

Plain, 3D, Fancy

l And two types of scrollbars:Horizontal, Vertical

Solution1

Solution2

solution2

Composite

Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly.

Composite Structure & design principle

违反了类单一责任原则。Tradeoff

Transparency (Client don’t know the difference b/w Leaf & Composite)

Example

Example-cont

Class Diagram

Proxy

Provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it.

Proxy Structure

TBD

Example

Factory Method

Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses.

Factory Method Structure & design principle

DIP(依赖倒置）

消费者与生产者解耦

Examples

public interface ImageReader

{

public DecodedImage getDecodedImage();

}

public class GifReader implements ImageReader

{

public GifReader( InputStream in )

{

// check that it's a gif, throw exception if it's not, then if it is

// decode it.

}

public DecodedImage getDecodedImage()

{

return decodedImage;

}

public class JpegReader implements ImageReader

{

//....

}

public class ImageReaderFactory

{

public static ImageReader getImageReader( InputStream is )

{

int imageType = figureOutImageType( is );

switch( imageType )

{

case ImageReaderFactory.GIF:

return new GifReader( is );

case ImageReaderFactory.JPEG:

return new JpegReader( is );

// etc.

}

Example2

Singleton

Ensure a class only has one instance, and provide a global point of access to it.

Singleton Structure

Problem:

Multi thread

Singleton destruction

State

Allow an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. The object will appear to change its class.

Example

One:

Operation1()

{

if(state == STATE1){};

if(state == STATE2){};

……

}

Operation2()

{

}

Two:

Static stateOperationTable[][]=

{

operation1(); // STATE1

operation2(); // STATE1

…

operation1(); // STATE2

operation2(); // STATE2

…

}

Handler()

{

…

stateOperationTable[state].operationx()

}

……

违反了什么原则？

Open-Close

Information hiding

容易改变的是：

增加状态

增加动作

Structure & principles

Open-Close, 容易添加状态，而不用更改其他状态和Context,其他的已有状态封闭

Chain

Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it.

Structure & principles

Example