Arch Linux 使用 systemd-boot 替代 grub 启动系统

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-21 10:57:30 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-05-21 10:57:30 发布
阅读量4.9k 收藏 6
点赞数
分类专栏： Arch Manjaro 文章标签： archlinux systemd-boot grub mkinitcpio bootctl
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/taotieren/article/details/113705680
版权
Arch 同时被 2 个专栏收录
19 篇文章 0 订阅
订阅专栏
Manjaro
13 篇文章 0 订阅
订阅专栏

Arch Linux 使用 systemd-boot 替代 grub 启动系统

安装 systemd-boot

检测系统是否支持 EFI 启动

sudo efivar --list

没有 efivar 请安装 efivar 包

使用 ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars 如果目录存在，系统是以 UEFI 模式启动的）。

详情参见 Arch WiKi: systemd-boot (简体中文))

通过 AUR 或 ArchLinuxCN 安装 systemd-boot

yay -S systemd-boot-pacman-hook

详情参见 Arch WiKi: systemd-boot (简体中文))

将 GPT 磁盘的 EFI 分区挂载到 /boot/efi 下

** 建议将 ESP 挂载到 /boot. 如果没将 ESP 挂载到 /boot,需要手动将内核和 initramfs 复制到 ESP.**

详情参见 Arch WiKi: systemd-boot (简体中文))

如果按照这种方式挂载 EFI 分区到 /boot/efi 下需要修改 [/etc/mkinitcpio.conf](# 这样修改后能 systemd-boot 启动，但是内核更新和原有的 grub 是会报错。) 和 [/etc/grub.d/10_linux](## 修改 /etc/grub.d/10_linux 文件，让其能检测到我们自定义 linux/linux-lts 固件的位置)

# 假设 /dev/sdb1 是 EFI 分区 
sudo mkdir -pv /boot/efi
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /boot/efi

如果是直接将 EFI 分区挂载 /boot 下，修改的配置文件相对会少甚至不用修改。
现有系统下修改：

# 假设 /dev/sdb1 是 EFI 分区 
sudo  cp -rv /boot /boot-bak
sudo umount -r /boot 
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /boot
sudo cp -rv /boot-bak/* /boot
sudo rm -rf /boot-bak
# EFI 分区下默认应该是没有文件夹，如果有那需要将默认的文件夹（EFI），需要手动改成小写 efi。以便 bootctl 检测。
sudo mv -rv /boot/EFI /boot/efi

使用 arch-chroot

# 假设 /dev/sdb1 是 EFI 分区 
# 再 archlinux 启动盘中挂载相应分区后进行上面类似的操作。
sudo  cp -rv /boot /boot-bak
sudo umount -r /boot 
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /boot
sudo cp -rv /boot-bak/* /boot
sudo rm -rf /boot-bak
# EFI 分区下默认应该是没有文件夹，如果有那需要将默认的文件夹（EFI），需要手动改成小写 efi。以便 bootctl 检测。
sudo mv -rv /boot/EFI /boot/efi

使用 bootctl 安装 systemd-boot

sudo bootctl install     
[sudo] taotieren 的密码：
Copied "/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" to "/boot/efi/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi".
Copied "/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" to "/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI".
Random seed file /boot/efi/loader/random-seed successfully written (512 bytes).
Created EFI boot entry "Linux Boot Manager".

将 /boot 目录下的 linux/linux-lfs 固件移动到 /boot/efi/EFI/arch 目录下

sudo mkdir -pv /boot/efi/EFI/arch
sudo mv -rv /boot/*.img /boot/efi/EFI/arch
sudo mv -rv /boot/vmlinuz* /boot/efi/EFI/arch
ls /boot/efi/EFI/arch/
initramfs-linux-fallback.img      initramfs-linux-lts.img  intel-ucode.img  vmlinuz-linux-lts
initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img  initramfs-linux.img      vmlinuz-linux

修改 systemd-boot 的 /boot/efi/loader/loader.conf 配置文件

sudo cat >/boot/efi/loader/loader.conf << EOF
#timeout 3
#console-mode keep
default arch-lts.conf
timeout 4
console-mode max
editor no
EOF

如果上述命令无法使用请使用自己熟悉的文本编辑器修改 /boot/efi/loader/loader.conf 配置文件

获取当前磁盘的根(/)分区的 UUID

# 假设当前磁盘的`根(/)`分区是 /dev/sdb3 
sudo blkid /dev/sdb3
[sudo] taotieren 的密码：
/dev/sdb3: UUID="9574b053-e45c-4689-96c1-6b56c9122a25" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="40d2d5c0-7d8e-a249-99b4-caa190dd1257"

修改 linux-lts启动引导 /boot/efi/loader/entries/arch-lts.conf 文件

sudo cat > /boot/efi/loader/entries/arch-lts.conf << EOF
## This is just an example config file.
## Please edit the paths and kernel parameters according to your system.

title Arch Linux LTS
linux /EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux-lts
initrd /EFI/arch/intel-ucode.img
initrd /EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts.img
#initrd /initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
options root=PARTUUID=40d2d5c0-7d8e-a249-99b4-caa190dd1257 rw
EOF

如果上述命令无法使用请使用自己熟悉的文本编辑器修改 /boot/efi/loader/entries/arch-lts.conf 配置文件
注意：

options root=PARTUUID=你当前磁盘的`根(/)`分区 UUID rw

修改 linux启动引导 /boot/efi/loader/entries/arch.conf 文件

sudo cat > /boot/efi/loader/entries/arch.conf << EOF   
## This is just an example config file.
## Please edit the paths and kernel parameters according to your system.

title Arch Linux
linux /EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux
initrd /EFI/arch/intel-ucode.img
initrd /EFI/arch/initramfs-linux.img
#initrd /initramfs-linux-fallback.img
options root=PARTUUID=40d2d5c0-7d8e-a249-99b4-caa190dd1257 rw
EOF

修改其他启动引导文件

sudo cat > /boot/efi/loader/entries/systemd.conf << EOF
## This is just an example config file.
## Please edit the paths and kernel parameters according to your system.

title   systemd
efi     /EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi
EOF

sudo cat >/boot/efi/loader/entries/windows.conf << EOF 
## This is just an example config file.
## Please edit the paths and kernel parameters according to your system.

title   Windows 10 Pro
efi     /EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI
EOF

bootctl 更新

sudo bootctl update 
Copied "/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" to "/boot/efi/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi".
Copied "/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi" to "/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI".

查看 bootctl 启动列表

sudo bootctl list  
Boot Loader Entries:
        title: Arch Linux LTS
           id: arch-lts.conf
       source: /boot/efi/loader/entries/arch-lts.conf
        linux: /EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux-lts
       initrd: /EFI/arch/intel-ucode.img
               /EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts.img
      options: root=PARTUUID=40d2d5c0-7d8e-a249-99b4-caa190dd1257 rw

        title: Arch Linux
           id: arch.conf
       source: /boot/efi/loader/entries/arch.conf
        linux: /EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux
       initrd: /EFI/arch/intel-ucode.img
               /EFI/arch/initramfs-linux.img
      options: root=PARTUUID=40d2d5c0-7d8e-a249-99b4-caa190dd1257 rw

        title: systemd (default)
           id: systemd.conf
       source: /boot/efi/loader/entries/systemd.conf

        title: Windows 10 Pro
           id: windows.conf
       source: /boot/efi/loader/entries/windows.conf

        title: Reboot Into Firmware Interface
           id: auto-reboot-to-firmware-setup
       source: /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/LoaderEntries-4a67b082-0a4c-41cf-b6c7-440b29bb8c4f

查看 bootctl 状态

sudo bootctl status 
System:
     Firmware: UEFI 2.31 (American Megatrends 4.653)
  Secure Boot: disabled
   Setup Mode: user
 Boot into FW: supported

Current Boot Loader:
      Product: systemd-boot 247.3-1-arch
     Features: ✓ Boot counting
               ✓ Menu timeout control
               ✓ One-shot menu timeout control
               ✓ Default entry control
               ✓ One-shot entry control
               ✓ Support for XBOOTLDR partition
               ✓ Support for passing random seed to OS
               ✓ Boot loader sets ESP partition information
          ESP: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325
         File: └─/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi

Random Seed:
 Passed to OS: yes
 System Token: set
       Exists: yes

Available Boot Loaders on ESP:
          ESP: /boot/efi (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325)
         File: └─/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi (systemd-boot 247.3-1-arch)
         File: └─/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI (systemd-boot 247.3-1-arch)

Boot Loaders Listed in EFI Variables:
        Title: Linux Boot Manager
           ID: 0x0002
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325
         File: └─/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi

        Title: ArchLinux
           ID: 0x0001
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325
         File: └─/EFI/ArchLinux/grubx64.efi

        Title: Windows Boot Manager
           ID: 0x0000
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/37ac3214-8a21-4b89-b379-8cfc664a7b79
         File: └─/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

Boot Loader Entries:
        $BOOT: /boot/efi (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325)

Default Boot Loader Entry:
        title: systemd
           id: systemd.conf
       source: /boot/efi/loader/entries/systemd.conf

这样修改后能 systemd-boot 启动，但是内核更新和原有的 grub 是会报错。

/etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset 的修改

sudo sed -i s|/boot|/boot/efi/EFI/arch|g /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset

详细修改：

sudo cat >/etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset<< EOF
# mkinitcpio preset file for the 'linux' package

ALL_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
ALL_kver="/boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux"

PRESETS=('default' 'fallback')

#default_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
default_image="/boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux.img"
#default_options=""

#fallback_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
fallback_image="/boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-fallback.img"
fallback_options="-S autodetect"
EOF

/etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-lts.preset 的修改

sudo sed -i s|/boot|/boot/efi/EFI/arch|g /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-lts.preset

详细修改：

sudo cat >/etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-lts.preset<<EOF
# mkinitcpio preset file for the 'linux-lts' package

ALL_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
ALL_kver="/boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux-lts"

PRESETS=('default' 'fallback')

#default_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
default_image="/boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts.img"
#default_options=""

#fallback_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
fallback_image="/boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img"
fallback_options="-S autodetect"
EOF

/etc/mkinitcpio.conf 的修改

sudo sed -i s|HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck )|HOOKS=(base systemd udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck )|g /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

详细修改：

sudo cat > /etc/mkinitcpio.conf <<EOF
# vim:set ft=sh
# MODULES
# The following modules are loaded before any boot hooks are
# run.  Advanced users may wish to specify all system modules
# in this array.  For instance:
#     MODULES=(piix ide_disk reiserfs)
MODULES=()

# BINARIES
# This setting includes any additional binaries a given user may
# wish into the CPIO image.  This is run last, so it may be used to
# override the actual binaries included by a given hook
# BINARIES are dependency parsed, so you may safely ignore libraries
BINARIES=()

# FILES
# This setting is similar to BINARIES above, however, files are added
# as-is and are not parsed in any way.  This is useful for config files.
FILES=()

# HOOKS
# This is the most important setting in this file.  The HOOKS control the
# modules and scripts added to the image, and what happens at boot time.
# Order is important, and it is recommended that you do not change the
# order in which HOOKS are added.  Run 'mkinitcpio -H <hook name>' for
# help on a given hook.
# 'base' is _required_ unless you know precisely what you are doing.
# 'udev' is _required_ in order to automatically load modules
# 'filesystems' is _required_ unless you specify your fs modules in MODULES
# Examples:
##   This setup specifies all modules in the MODULES setting above.
##   No raid, lvm2, or encrypted root is needed.
#    HOOKS=(base)
#
##   This setup will autodetect all modules for your system and should
##   work as a sane default
#    HOOKS=(base udev autodetect block filesystems)
#
##   This setup will generate a 'full' image which supports most systems.
##   No autodetection is done.
#    HOOKS=(base udev block filesystems)
#
##   This setup assembles a pata mdadm array with an encrypted root FS.
##   Note: See 'mkinitcpio -H mdadm' for more information on raid devices.
#    HOOKS=(base udev block mdadm encrypt filesystems)
#
##   This setup loads an lvm2 volume group on a usb device.
#    HOOKS=(base udev block lvm2 filesystems)
#
##   NOTE: If you have /usr on a separate partition, you MUST include the
#    usr, fsck and shutdown hooks.
HOOKS=(base systemd udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck )

# COMPRESSION
# Use this to compress the initramfs image. By default, gzip compression
# is used. Use 'cat' to create an uncompressed image.
#COMPRESSION="gzip"
#COMPRESSION="bzip2"
#COMPRESSION="lzma"
#COMPRESSION="xz"
#COMPRESSION="lzop"
#COMPRESSION="lz4"
#COMPRESSION="zstd"

# COMPRESSION_OPTIONS
# Additional options for the compressor
#COMPRESSION_OPTIONS=()
#COMPRESSION_OPTIONS=(-c -z - --threads=0)
#COMPRESSION_OPTIONS=(-c -T0 -18 -)
EOF

使用 mkinitcpio 更新 linux 内核固件

sudo mkinitcpio -p linux                                      
[sudo] taotieren 的密码：
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset: 'default'
  -> -k /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux.img
==> Starting build: 5.10.13-arch1-1
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [systemd]
  -> Running build hook: [autodetect]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux.img
==> Image generation successful
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset: 'fallback'
  -> -k /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-fallback.img -S autodetect
==> Starting build: 5.10.13-arch1-1
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [systemd]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
==> Image generation successful

使用 mkinitcpio 更新 linux-lts 内核固件

sudo mkinitcpio -p linux-lts
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-lts.preset: 'default'
  -> -k /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux-lts -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts.img
==> Starting build: 5.4.94-1-lts
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [systemd]
  -> Running build hook: [autodetect]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts.img
==> Image generation successful
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-lts.preset: 'fallback'
  -> -k /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux-lts -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img -S autodetect
==> Starting build: 5.4.94-1-lts
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [systemd]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
==> Image generation successful

修改 grub 配置文件使其也支持启动

修改 /etc/grub.d/10_linux 文件，让其能检测到我们自定义 linux/linux-lts 固件的位置

sudo sed -i s|/boot/vmlinuz-* /vmlinuz-* /boot/kernel-* ;|/boot/vmlinuz-* /vmlinuz-* /boot/kernel-* /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-* ;|g /etc/grub.d/10_linux
sudo sed -i s|/boot/vmlinuz-* /boot/vmlinux-* /vmlinuz-* /vmlinux-* /boot/kernel-* ;|/boot/vmlinuz-* /boot/vmlinux-* /vmlinuz-* /vmlinux-* /boot/kernel-* /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinux-* ;|g /etc/grub.d/10_linux

详细修改：

sudo cat >/etc/grub.d/10_linux << EOF
#! /bin/sh
set -e

# grub-mkconfig helper script.
# Copyright (C) 2006,2007,2008,2009,2010  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GRUB.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

prefix="/usr"
exec_prefix="/usr"
datarootdir="/usr/share"

. "$pkgdatadir/grub-mkconfig_lib"

export TEXTDOMAIN=grub
export TEXTDOMAINDIR="${datarootdir}/locale"

CLASS="--class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os"

if [ "x${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR}" = "x" ] ; then
  OS=Linux
else
  OS="${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} Linux"
  CLASS="--class $(echo ${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' | cut -d' ' -f1|LC_ALL=C sed 's,[^[:alnum:]_],_,g') ${CLASS}"
fi

# loop-AES arranges things so that /dev/loop/X can be our root device, but
# the initrds that Linux uses don't like that.
case ${GRUB_DEVICE} in
  /dev/loop/*|/dev/loop[0-9])
    GRUB_DEVICE=`losetup ${GRUB_DEVICE} | sed -e "s/^[^(]*(\([^)]\+\)).*/\1/"`
  ;;
esac

# Default to disabling partition uuid support to maintian compatibility with
# older kernels.
GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_PARTUUID=${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_PARTUUID-true}

# btrfs may reside on multiple devices. We cannot pass them as value of root= parameter
# and mounting btrfs requires user space scanning, so force UUID in this case.
if ( [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" = "x" ] && [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}" = "x" ] ) \
    || ( [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID}" = "xtrue" ] \
        && [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_PARTUUID}" = "xtrue" ] ) \
    || ( ! test -e "/dev/disk/by-uuid/${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" \
        && ! test -e "/dev/disk/by-partuuid/${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}" ) \
    || ( test -e "${GRUB_DEVICE}" && uses_abstraction "${GRUB_DEVICE}" lvm ); then
  LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=${GRUB_DEVICE}
elif [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" = "x" ] \
    || [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID}" = "xtrue" ]; then
  LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=PARTUUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}
else
  LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=UUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}
fi

case x"$GRUB_FS" in
    xbtrfs)
        rootsubvol="`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root /`"
        rootsubvol="${rootsubvol#/}"
        if [ "x${rootsubvol}" != x ]; then
            GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rootflags=subvol=${rootsubvol} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
        fi;;
    xzfs)
        rpool=`${grub_probe} --device ${GRUB_DEVICE} --target=fs_label 2>/dev/null || true`
        bootfs="`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root / | sed -e "s,@$,,"`"
        LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE="ZFS=${rpool}${bootfs%/}"
        ;;
esac

title_correction_code=

linux_entry ()
{
  os="$1"
  version="$2"
  type="$3"
  args="$4"

  if [ -z "$boot_device_id" ]; then
      boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${GRUB_DEVICE}")"
  fi
  if [ x$type != xsimple ] ; then
      case $type in
          recovery)
              title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s (recovery mode)" "${os}" "${version}")" ;;
          fallback)
              title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s (fallback initramfs)" "${os}" "${version}")" ;;
          *)
              title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s" "${os}" "${version}")" ;;
      esac
      if [ x"$title" = x"$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" ] || [ x"Previous Linux versions>$title" = x"$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" ]; then
          replacement_title="$(echo "Advanced options for ${OS}" | sed 's,>,>>,g')>$(echo "$title" | sed 's,>,>>,g')"
          quoted="$(echo "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" | grub_quote)"
          title_correction_code="${title_correction_code}if [ \"x\$default\" = '$quoted' ]; then default='$(echo "$replacement_title" | grub_quote)'; fi;"
          grub_warn "$(gettext_printf "Please don't use old title \`%s' for GRUB_DEFAULT, use \`%s' (for versions before 2.00) or \`%s' (for 2.00 or later)" "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" "$replacement_title" "gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id>gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id")"
      fi
      echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  else
      echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  fi      
  if [ x$type != xrecovery ] ; then
      save_default_entry | grub_add_tab
  fi

  # Use ELILO's generic "efifb" when it's known to be available.
  # FIXME: We need an interface to select vesafb in case efifb can't be used.
  if [ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" = x ]; then
      echo "    load_video" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
      if grep -qx "CONFIG_FB_EFI=y" "${config}" 2> /dev/null \
          && grep -qx "CONFIG_VT_HW_CONSOLE_BINDING=y" "${config}" 2> /dev/null; then
          echo "        set gfxpayload=keep" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
      fi
  else
      if [ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" != xtext ]; then
          echo "        load_video" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
      fi
      echo "    set gfxpayload=$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  fi

  echo "        insmod gzio" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

  if [ x$dirname = x/ ]; then
    if [ -z "${prepare_root_cache}" ]; then
      prepare_root_cache="$(prepare_grub_to_access_device ${GRUB_DEVICE} | grub_add_tab)"
    fi
    printf '%s\n' "${prepare_root_cache}" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  else
    if [ -z "${prepare_boot_cache}" ]; then
      prepare_boot_cache="$(prepare_grub_to_access_device ${GRUB_DEVICE_BOOT} | grub_add_tab)"
    fi
    printf '%s\n' "${prepare_boot_cache}" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  fi
  message="$(gettext_printf "Loading Linux %s ..." ${version})"
  sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
        echo    '$(echo "$message" | grub_quote)'
        linux   ${rel_dirname}/${basename} root=${linux_root_device_thisversion} rw ${args}
EOF
  if test -n "${initrd}" ; then
    # TRANSLATORS: ramdisk isn't identifier. Should be translated.
    message="$(gettext_printf "Loading initial ramdisk ...")"
    initrd_path=
    for i in ${initrd}; do
      initrd_path="${initrd_path} ${rel_dirname}/${i}"
    done
    sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
        echo    '$(echo "$message" | grub_quote)'
        initrd  $(echo $initrd_path)
EOF
  fi
  sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
}
EOF
}

machine=`uname -m`
case "x$machine" in
    xi?86 | xx86_64)
        list=
        for i in /boot/vmlinuz-* /vmlinuz-* /boot/kernel-* /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-* ; do
            if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then list="$list $i" ; fi
        done ;;
    *) 
        list=
        for i in /boot/vmlinuz-* /boot/vmlinux-* /vmlinuz-* /vmlinux-* /boot/kernel-* /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinux-* ; do
                  if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then list="$list $i" ; fi
        done ;;
esac

case "$machine" in
    i?86) GENKERNEL_ARCH="x86" ;;
    mips|mips64) GENKERNEL_ARCH="mips" ;;
    mipsel|mips64el) GENKERNEL_ARCH="mipsel" ;;
    arm*) GENKERNEL_ARCH="arm" ;;
    *) GENKERNEL_ARCH="$machine" ;;
esac

prepare_boot_cache=
prepare_root_cache=
boot_device_id=
title_correction_code=

# Extra indentation to add to menu entries in a submenu. We're not in a submenu
# yet, so it's empty. In a submenu it will be equal to '\t' (one tab).
submenu_indentation=""

is_top_level=true
while [ "x$list" != "x" ] ; do
  linux=`version_find_latest $list`
  gettext_printf "Found linux image: %s\n" "$linux" >&2
  basename=`basename $linux`
  dirname=`dirname $linux`
  rel_dirname=`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root $dirname`
  version=`echo $basename | sed -e "s,vmlinuz-,,g"`
  alt_version=`echo $version | sed -e "s,\.old$,,g"`
  linux_root_device_thisversion="${LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE}"

  initrd_early=
  for i in ${GRUB_EARLY_INITRD_LINUX_STOCK} \
           ${GRUB_EARLY_INITRD_LINUX_CUSTOM}; do
    if test -e "${dirname}/${i}" ; then
      initrd_early="${initrd_early} ${i}"
    fi
  done

  initrd_real=
  for i in "initrd.img-${version}" "initrd-${version}.img" "initrd-${version}.gz" \
           "initrd-${version}" "initramfs-${version}.img" \
           "initrd.img-${alt_version}" "initrd-${alt_version}.img" \
           "initrd-${alt_version}" "initramfs-${alt_version}.img" \
           "initramfs-genkernel-${version}" \
           "initramfs-genkernel-${alt_version}" \
           "initramfs-genkernel-${GENKERNEL_ARCH}-${version}" \
           "initramfs-genkernel-${GENKERNEL_ARCH}-${alt_version}"; do
    if test -e "${dirname}/${i}" ; then
      initrd_real="${i}"
      break
    fi
  done

  initrd=
  if test -n "${initrd_early}" || test -n "${initrd_real}"; then
    initrd="${initrd_early} ${initrd_real}"

    initrd_display=
    for i in ${initrd}; do
      initrd_display="${initrd_display} ${dirname}/${i}"
    done
    gettext_printf "Found initrd image: %s\n" "$(echo $initrd_display)" >&2
  fi

  config=
  for i in "${dirname}/config-${version}" "${dirname}/config-${alt_version}" "/etc/kernels/kernel-config-${version}" ; do
    if test -e "${i}" ; then
      config="${i}"
      break
    fi
  done

  initramfs=
  if test -n "${config}" ; then
      initramfs=`grep CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE= "${config}" | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d \"`
  fi

  if test -z "${initramfs}" && test -z "${initrd_real}" ; then
    # "UUID=" and "ZFS=" magic is parsed by initrd or initramfs.  Since there's
    # no initrd or builtin initramfs, it can't work here.
    if [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}" = "x" ] \
        || [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_PARTUUID}" = "xtrue" ]; then

        linux_root_device_thisversion=${GRUB_DEVICE}
    else
        linux_root_device_thisversion=PARTUUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}
    fi
  fi

  if [ "x$is_top_level" = xtrue ] && [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU}" != xy ]; then
    linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" simple \
    "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"

    submenu_indentation="$grub_tab"
    
    if [ -z "$boot_device_id" ]; then
        boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${GRUB_DEVICE}")"
    fi
    # TRANSLATORS: %s is replaced with an OS name
    echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"
    is_top_level=false
  fi

  linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" advanced \
              "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"

  if test -e "${dirname}/initramfs-${version}-fallback.img" ; then
    initrd="initramfs-${version}-fallback.img"

    if test -n "${initrd}" ; then
      gettext_printf "Found fallback initrd image(s) in %s:%s\n" "${dirname}" "${initrd_extra} ${initrd}" >&2
    fi

    linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" fallback \
                "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"
  fi

  if [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY}" != "xtrue" ]; then
    linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" recovery \
                "single ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
  fi

  list=`echo $list | tr ' ' '\n' | fgrep -vx "$linux" | tr '\n' ' '`
done

# If at least one kernel was found, then we need to
# add a closing '}' for the submenu command.
if [ x"$is_top_level" != xtrue ]; then
  echo '}'
fi

echo "$title_correction_code"
EOF

更新 /boot/grub/grub.cfg 文件

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg 
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found theme: /boot/grub/themes/Archlinux/theme.txt
Found linux image: /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux-lts
Found initrd image: /boot/efi/EFI/arch/intel-ucode.img /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux-lts.img
Found fallback initrd image(s) in /boot/efi/EFI/arch: initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
Found linux image: /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-linux
Found initrd image: /boot/efi/EFI/arch/intel-ucode.img /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-linux.img
Found fallback initrd image(s) in /boot/efi/EFI/arch: initramfs-linux-fallback.img
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda1@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
done

至此，Arch Linux 同时支持 systemd-boot 和 grub 引导启动。其他 Linux 发行版可以参照这个详细的修改过程。

紧急更新

前几天 ArchLinux 发布新的内核，使用了 glibc-2.33 版本。修改 /etc/mkinitcpoio.d/*.preset 和 /etc/grub.d/10_linux 会导致使用新库的内核报安装错误。

systemd-boot 安装方式需要安装 Arch WiKi: systemd-boot (简体中文)) 中的说明将 EFI 分区挂载到 /boot 下。详细过程：

  • 备份原有的 /boot 下的文件，并将 /boot/grub 复制到 /boot/efi/ 下。
sudo cp -rv /boot/* ~/boot
sudo cp -rv /boot/grub /boot/efi
  • 卸载 EFI 的挂载
sudo umonut -R /boot
  • 清空 /boot 目录
sudo rm -rf /boot/*
  • 将 EFI 分区挂载到 /boot 下
# 假设 EFI 在 /dev/sdb1
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /boot
  • 将 /boot/EFI/arch 内核镜像全部移动到 /boot 下
sudo cp -rv /boot/EFI/arch/* /boot
sudo rm -rf /boot/EFI/arch
  • 修改 /boot/loader/entries/arch*.conf 文件
sudo sed -i s|/boot/efi/EFI/arch/|/|g  /boot/loader/entries/arch*.conf

sudo cat > /boot/loader/entries/arch-lts.conf << EOF
## This is just an example config file.
## Please edit the paths and kernel parameters according to your system.

title Arch Linux LTS
linux /vmlinuz-linux-lts
initrd /intel-ucode.img
initrd /initramfs-linux-lts.img
#initrd /initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
options root=PARTUUID=40d2d5c0-7d8e-a249-99b4-caa190dd1257 rw

EOF

sudo cat > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf << EOF 
## This is just an example config file.
## Please edit the paths and kernel parameters according to your system.

title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /intel-ucode.img
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
#initrd /initramfs-linux-fallback.img
options root=PARTUUID=40d2d5c0-7d8e-a249-99b4-caa190dd1257 rw

EOF

sudo cat > /boot/loader/entries/boot.conf << EOF
## This is just an example config file.
## Please edit the paths and kernel parameters according to your system.

title   BOOT
efi     /EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI

EOF

sudo  cat > /boot/loader/entries/systemd.conf << EOF
## This is just an example config file.
## Please edit the paths and kernel parameters according to your system.

title   systemd
efi     /EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi

EOF
  • 更新并查看 bootctl 状态
sudo bootctl update

sudo bootctl status                   
System:
     Firmware: UEFI 2.31 (American Megatrends 4.653)
  Secure Boot: disabled
   Setup Mode: user
 Boot into FW: supported

Current Boot Loader:
      Product: systemd-boot 247.3-1-arch
     Features: ✓ Boot counting
               ✓ Menu timeout control
               ✓ One-shot menu timeout control
               ✓ Default entry control
               ✓ One-shot entry control
               ✓ Support for XBOOTLDR partition
               ✓ Support for passing random seed to OS
               ✓ Boot loader sets ESP partition information
          ESP: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325
         File: └─/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi

Random Seed:
 Passed to OS: yes
 System Token: set
       Exists: yes

Available Boot Loaders on ESP:
          ESP: /boot (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325)
         File: └─/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi (systemd-boot 247.3-1-arch)
         File: └─/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI (systemd-boot 247.3-1-arch)

Boot Loaders Listed in EFI Variables:
        Title: Linux Boot Manager
           ID: 0x0002
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325
         File: └─/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi

        Title: ArchLinux
           ID: 0x0001
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325
         File: └─/EFI/ArchLinux/grubx64.efi

        Title: Windows Boot Manager
           ID: 0x0000
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/37ac3214-8a21-4b89-b379-8cfc664a7b79
         File: └─/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

Boot Loader Entries:
        $BOOT: /boot (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/65791d8f-8b4f-45c8-9145-b8444a6a8325)

Default Boot Loader Entry:
        title: systemd
           id: systemd.conf
       source: /boot/loader/entries/systemd.conf
  • /etc/mkinitcpio.conf 的修改并还原 /etc/mkinitcpio.d/* 下的修改
sudo cat > /etc/mkinitcpio.conf << EOF
# vim:set ft=sh
# MODULES
# The following modules are loaded before any boot hooks are
# run.  Advanced users may wish to specify all system modules
# in this array.  For instance:
#     MODULES=(piix ide_disk reiserfs)
MODULES=()

# BINARIES
# This setting includes any additional binaries a given user may
# wish into the CPIO image.  This is run last, so it may be used to
# override the actual binaries included by a given hook
# BINARIES are dependency parsed, so you may safely ignore libraries
BINARIES=()

# FILES
# This setting is similar to BINARIES above, however, files are added
# as-is and are not parsed in any way.  This is useful for config files.
FILES=()

# HOOKS
# This is the most important setting in this file.  The HOOKS control the
# modules and scripts added to the image, and what happens at boot time.
# Order is important, and it is recommended that you do not change the
# order in which HOOKS are added.  Run 'mkinitcpio -H <hook name>' for
# help on a given hook.
# 'base' is _required_ unless you know precisely what you are doing.
# 'udev' is _required_ in order to automatically load modules
# 'filesystems' is _required_ unless you specify your fs modules in MODULES
# Examples:
##   This setup specifies all modules in the MODULES setting above.
##   No raid, lvm2, or encrypted root is needed.
#    HOOKS=(base)
#
##   This setup will autodetect all modules for your system and should
##   work as a sane default
#    HOOKS=(base udev autodetect block filesystems)
#
##   This setup will generate a 'full' image which supports most systems.
##   No autodetection is done.
#    HOOKS=(base udev block filesystems)
#
##   This setup assembles a pata mdadm array with an encrypted root FS.
##   Note: See 'mkinitcpio -H mdadm' for more information on raid devices.
#    HOOKS=(base udev block mdadm encrypt filesystems)
#
##   This setup loads an lvm2 volume group on a usb device.
#    HOOKS=(base udev block lvm2 filesystems)
#
##   NOTE: If you have /usr on a separate partition, you MUST include the
#    usr, fsck and shutdown hooks.
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck systemd)

# COMPRESSION
# Use this to compress the initramfs image. By default, gzip compression
# is used. Use 'cat' to create an uncompressed image.
#COMPRESSION="gzip"
#COMPRESSION="bzip2"
#COMPRESSION="lzma"
#COMPRESSION="xz"
#COMPRESSION="lzop"
#COMPRESSION="lz4"
#COMPRESSION="zstd"

# COMPRESSION_OPTIONS
# Additional options for the compressor
#COMPRESSION_OPTIONS=()
#COMPRESSION_OPTIONS=(-c -z - --threads=0)
#COMPRESSION_OPTIONS=(-c -T0 -18 -)

EOF

sudo cat > /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset << EOF
# mkinitcpio preset file for the 'linux' package

ALL_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
ALL_kver="/boot/vmlinuz-linux"

PRESETS=('default' 'fallback')

#default_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
default_image="/boot/initramfs-linux.img"
#default_options=""

#fallback_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
fallback_image="/boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img"
fallback_options="-S autodetect"

EOF

sudo cat > /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-lts.preset << EOF
# mkinitcpio preset file for the 'linux-lts' package

ALL_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
ALL_kver="/boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts"

PRESETS=('default' 'fallback')

#default_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
default_image="/boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img"
#default_options=""

#fallback_config="/etc/mkinitcpio.conf"
fallback_image="/boot/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img"
fallback_options="-S autodetect"

EOF
  • 更新内核固件
sudo mkinitcpio -P      
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-lts.preset: 'default'
  -> -k /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
==> Starting build: 5.4.97-1-lts
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [udev]
  -> Running build hook: [autodetect]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
  -> Running build hook: [systemd]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
==> Image generation successful
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-lts.preset: 'fallback'
  -> -k /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img -S autodetect
==> Starting build: 5.4.97-1-lts
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [udev]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
  -> Running build hook: [systemd]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: /boot/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
==> Image generation successful
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset: 'default'
  -> -k /boot/vmlinuz-linux -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-linux.img
==> Starting build: 5.10.15-arch1-1
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [udev]
  -> Running build hook: [autodetect]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
  -> Running build hook: [systemd]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: /boot/initramfs-linux.img
==> Image generation successful
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset: 'fallback'
  -> -k /boot/vmlinuz-linux -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img -S autodetect
==> Starting build: 5.10.15-arch1-1
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [udev]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
  -> Running build hook: [systemd]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
==> Image generation successful
  • 还原/etc/grub.d/10_linux 的修改并更新 grub
sudo cat >/etc/grub.d/10_linux << EOF
#! /bin/sh
set -e

# grub-mkconfig helper script.
# Copyright (C) 2006,2007,2008,2009,2010  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GRUB.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

prefix="/usr"
exec_prefix="/usr"
datarootdir="/usr/share"

. "$pkgdatadir/grub-mkconfig_lib"

export TEXTDOMAIN=grub
export TEXTDOMAINDIR="${datarootdir}/locale"

CLASS="--class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os"

if [ "x${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR}" = "x" ] ; then
  OS=Linux
else
  OS="${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} Linux"
  CLASS="--class $(echo ${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' | cut -d' ' -f1|LC_ALL=C sed 's,[^[:alnum:]_],_,g') ${CLASS}"
fi

# loop-AES arranges things so that /dev/loop/X can be our root device, but
# the initrds that Linux uses don't like that.
case ${GRUB_DEVICE} in
  /dev/loop/*|/dev/loop[0-9])
    GRUB_DEVICE=`losetup ${GRUB_DEVICE} | sed -e "s/^[^(]*(\([^)]\+\)).*/\1/"`
  ;;
esac

# Default to disabling partition uuid support to maintian compatibility with
# older kernels.
GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_PARTUUID=${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_PARTUUID-true}

# btrfs may reside on multiple devices. We cannot pass them as value of root= parameter
# and mounting btrfs requires user space scanning, so force UUID in this case.
if ( [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" = "x" ] && [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}" = "x" ] ) \
    || ( [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID}" = "xtrue" ] \
        && [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_PARTUUID}" = "xtrue" ] ) \
    || ( ! test -e "/dev/disk/by-uuid/${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" \
        && ! test -e "/dev/disk/by-partuuid/${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}" ) \
    || ( test -e "${GRUB_DEVICE}" && uses_abstraction "${GRUB_DEVICE}" lvm ); then
  LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=${GRUB_DEVICE}
elif [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" = "x" ] \
    || [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID}" = "xtrue" ]; then
  LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=PARTUUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}
else
  LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=UUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}
fi

case x"$GRUB_FS" in
    xbtrfs)
        rootsubvol="`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root /`"
        rootsubvol="${rootsubvol#/}"
        if [ "x${rootsubvol}" != x ]; then
            GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rootflags=subvol=${rootsubvol} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
        fi;;
    xzfs)
        rpool=`${grub_probe} --device ${GRUB_DEVICE} --target=fs_label 2>/dev/null || true`
        bootfs="`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root / | sed -e "s,@$,,"`"
        LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE="ZFS=${rpool}${bootfs%/}"
        ;;
esac

title_correction_code=

linux_entry ()
{
  os="$1"
  version="$2"
  type="$3"
  args="$4"

  if [ -z "$boot_device_id" ]; then
      boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${GRUB_DEVICE}")"
  fi
  if [ x$type != xsimple ] ; then
      case $type in
          recovery)
              title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s (recovery mode)" "${os}" "${version}")" ;;
          fallback)
              title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s (fallback initramfs)" "${os}" "${version}")" ;;
          *)
              title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s" "${os}" "${version}")" ;;
      esac
      if [ x"$title" = x"$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" ] || [ x"Previous Linux versions>$title" = x"$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" ]; then
          replacement_title="$(echo "Advanced options for ${OS}" | sed 's,>,>>,g')>$(echo "$title" | sed 's,>,>>,g')"
          quoted="$(echo "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" | grub_quote)"
          title_correction_code="${title_correction_code}if [ \"x\$default\" = '$quoted' ]; then default='$(echo "$replacement_title" | grub_quote)'; fi;"
          grub_warn "$(gettext_printf "Please don't use old title \`%s' for GRUB_DEFAULT, use \`%s' (for versions before 2.00) or \`%s' (for 2.00 or later)" "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" "$replacement_title" "gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id>gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id")"
      fi
      echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  else
      echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  fi      
  if [ x$type != xrecovery ] ; then
      save_default_entry | grub_add_tab
  fi

  # Use ELILO's generic "efifb" when it's known to be available.
  # FIXME: We need an interface to select vesafb in case efifb can't be used.
  if [ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" = x ]; then
      echo "    load_video" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
      if grep -qx "CONFIG_FB_EFI=y" "${config}" 2> /dev/null \
          && grep -qx "CONFIG_VT_HW_CONSOLE_BINDING=y" "${config}" 2> /dev/null; then
          echo "        set gfxpayload=keep" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
      fi
  else
      if [ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" != xtext ]; then
          echo "        load_video" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
      fi
      echo "    set gfxpayload=$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  fi

  echo "        insmod gzio" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

  if [ x$dirname = x/ ]; then
    if [ -z "${prepare_root_cache}" ]; then
      prepare_root_cache="$(prepare_grub_to_access_device ${GRUB_DEVICE} | grub_add_tab)"
    fi
    printf '%s\n' "${prepare_root_cache}" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  else
    if [ -z "${prepare_boot_cache}" ]; then
      prepare_boot_cache="$(prepare_grub_to_access_device ${GRUB_DEVICE_BOOT} | grub_add_tab)"
    fi
    printf '%s\n' "${prepare_boot_cache}" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
  fi
  message="$(gettext_printf "Loading Linux %s ..." ${version})"
  sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
        echo    '$(echo "$message" | grub_quote)'
        linux   ${rel_dirname}/${basename} root=${linux_root_device_thisversion} rw ${args}
EOF
  if test -n "${initrd}" ; then
    # TRANSLATORS: ramdisk isn't identifier. Should be translated.
    message="$(gettext_printf "Loading initial ramdisk ...")"
    initrd_path=
    for i in ${initrd}; do
      initrd_path="${initrd_path} ${rel_dirname}/${i}"
    done
    sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
        echo    '$(echo "$message" | grub_quote)'
        initrd  $(echo $initrd_path)
EOF
  fi
  sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
}
EOF
}

machine=`uname -m`
case "x$machine" in
    xi?86 | xx86_64)
        list=
        for i in /boot/vmlinuz-* /vmlinuz-* /boot/kernel-* ; do
            if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then list="$list $i" ; fi
        done ;;
    *) 
        list=
        for i in /boot/vmlinuz-* /boot/vmlinux-* /vmlinuz-* /vmlinux-* /boot/kernel-* ; do
                  if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then list="$list $i" ; fi
        done ;;
esac

case "$machine" in
    i?86) GENKERNEL_ARCH="x86" ;;
    mips|mips64) GENKERNEL_ARCH="mips" ;;
    mipsel|mips64el) GENKERNEL_ARCH="mipsel" ;;
    arm*) GENKERNEL_ARCH="arm" ;;
    *) GENKERNEL_ARCH="$machine" ;;
esac

prepare_boot_cache=
prepare_root_cache=
boot_device_id=
title_correction_code=

# Extra indentation to add to menu entries in a submenu. We're not in a submenu
# yet, so it's empty. In a submenu it will be equal to '\t' (one tab).
submenu_indentation=""

is_top_level=true
while [ "x$list" != "x" ] ; do
  linux=`version_find_latest $list`
  gettext_printf "Found linux image: %s\n" "$linux" >&2
  basename=`basename $linux`
  dirname=`dirname $linux`
  rel_dirname=`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root $dirname`
  version=`echo $basename | sed -e "s,vmlinuz-,,g"`
  alt_version=`echo $version | sed -e "s,\.old$,,g"`
  linux_root_device_thisversion="${LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE}"

  initrd_early=
  for i in ${GRUB_EARLY_INITRD_LINUX_STOCK} \
           ${GRUB_EARLY_INITRD_LINUX_CUSTOM}; do
    if test -e "${dirname}/${i}" ; then
      initrd_early="${initrd_early} ${i}"
    fi
  done

  initrd_real=
  for i in "initrd.img-${version}" "initrd-${version}.img" "initrd-${version}.gz" \
           "initrd-${version}" "initramfs-${version}.img" \
           "initrd.img-${alt_version}" "initrd-${alt_version}.img" \
           "initrd-${alt_version}" "initramfs-${alt_version}.img" \
           "initramfs-genkernel-${version}" \
           "initramfs-genkernel-${alt_version}" \
           "initramfs-genkernel-${GENKERNEL_ARCH}-${version}" \
           "initramfs-genkernel-${GENKERNEL_ARCH}-${alt_version}"; do
    if test -e "${dirname}/${i}" ; then
      initrd_real="${i}"
      break
    fi
  done

  initrd=
  if test -n "${initrd_early}" || test -n "${initrd_real}"; then
    initrd="${initrd_early} ${initrd_real}"

    initrd_display=
    for i in ${initrd}; do
      initrd_display="${initrd_display} ${dirname}/${i}"
    done
    gettext_printf "Found initrd image: %s\n" "$(echo $initrd_display)" >&2
  fi

  config=
  for i in "${dirname}/config-${version}" "${dirname}/config-${alt_version}" "/etc/kernels/kernel-config-${version}" ; do
    if test -e "${i}" ; then
      config="${i}"
      break
    fi
  done

  initramfs=
  if test -n "${config}" ; then
      initramfs=`grep CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE= "${config}" | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d \"`
  fi

  if test -z "${initramfs}" && test -z "${initrd_real}" ; then
    # "UUID=" and "ZFS=" magic is parsed by initrd or initramfs.  Since there's
    # no initrd or builtin initramfs, it can't work here.
    if [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}" = "x" ] \
        || [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_PARTUUID}" = "xtrue" ]; then

        linux_root_device_thisversion=${GRUB_DEVICE}
    else
        linux_root_device_thisversion=PARTUUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_PARTUUID}
    fi
  fi

  if [ "x$is_top_level" = xtrue ] && [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU}" != xy ]; then
    linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" simple \
    "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"

    submenu_indentation="$grub_tab"
    
    if [ -z "$boot_device_id" ]; then
        boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${GRUB_DEVICE}")"
    fi
    # TRANSLATORS: %s is replaced with an OS name
    echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"
    is_top_level=false
  fi

  linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" advanced \
              "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"

  if test -e "${dirname}/initramfs-${version}-fallback.img" ; then
    initrd="initramfs-${version}-fallback.img"

    if test -n "${initrd}" ; then
      gettext_printf "Found fallback initrd image(s) in %s:%s\n" "${dirname}" "${initrd_extra} ${initrd}" >&2
    fi

    linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" fallback \
                "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"
  fi

  if [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY}" != "xtrue" ]; then
    linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" recovery \
                "single ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
  fi

  list=`echo $list | tr ' ' '\n' | fgrep -vx "$linux" | tr '\n' ' '`
done

# If at least one kernel was found, then we need to
# add a closing '}' for the submenu command.
if [ x"$is_top_level" != xtrue ]; then
  echo '}'
fi

echo "$title_correction_code"

EOF

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg 
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found theme: /boot/grub/themes/Archlinux/theme.txt
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts
Found initrd image: /boot/intel-ucode.img /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
Found fallback initrd image(s) in /boot: initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-linux
Found initrd image: /boot/intel-ucode.img /boot/initramfs-linux.img
Found fallback initrd image(s) in /boot: initramfs-linux-fallback.img
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda1@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
done

增加 rEFInd 启动引导管理器

yay -S refind  
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (1) refind-0.13.2-1

Total Installed Size:  5.01 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] 
(1/1) checking keys in keyring                     100%
(1/1) checking package integrity                   100%
(1/1) loading package files                        100%
(1/1) checking for file conflicts                  100%
(1/1) checking available disk space                100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/1) installing refind                            100%
Optional dependencies for refind
    gptfdisk: for finding non-vfat ESP with refind-install
    [installed]
    imagemagick: for refind-mkfont [installed]
    openssl: for generating local certificates with
    refind-install [installed]
    python: for refind-mkdefault [installed]
    sbsigntools: for EFI binary signing with
    refind-install [installed]
    sudo: for privilege elevation in refind-install and
    refind-mkdefault [installed]
:: Running post-transaction hooks...
(1/2) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...
(2/2) Refreshing PackageKit...

sudo refind-install         
ShimSource is none
Installing rEFInd on Linux....
ESP was found at /boot using vfat
Copied rEFInd binary files

Copying sample configuration file as refind.conf; edit this file to configure
rEFInd.

Keeping existing NVRAM entry
rEFInd is set as the default boot manager.
Existing //boot/refind_linux.conf found; not overwriting.

cat /boot/refind_linux.conf
"Boot with standard options"  "root=UUID=9de8a3e9-dd43-7d4c-ba52-2d40ea4895d4 rw loglevel=5 nowatchdog"
"Boot to single-user mode"    "root=UUID=9de8a3e9-dd43-7d4c-ba52-2d40ea4895d4 rw loglevel=5 nowatchdog single"
"Boot with minimal options"   "ro root=UUID=9de8a3e9-dd43-7d4c-ba52-2d40ea4895d4"

sudo blkid /dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb2: UUID="9de8a3e9-dd43-7d4c-ba52-2d40ea4895d4" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="Linux data partition" PARTUUID="630c7f4e-5c47-0a42-b64f-e2c01a16f944"

启用安装启动：Arch WiKi

sudo refind-install --shim /usr/share/shim-signed/shimx64.efi

后续如果有问题会继续更新。

饕餮人
关注
  • 0
    点赞
  • 踩
  • 6
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 1
    评论
专栏目录
systemd-boot 的简单介绍以及在 Arch Linux 上进行配置
weixin_42571210的博客
05-31 5527
systemd-boot 的简单介绍以及在 Arch Linux 上进行配置 你将会看到: systemd-boot 的简单介绍 Arch Linux 下使用 system-boot 引导 GNU/Linux 单系统的简单演示 将不会看到： systemd-boot 的详细分析 systemd 怎么什么都管？ 关于 systemd-boot systemd-boot 的前身是 gummi...
grub2和systemd
weixin_34101229的博客
12-11 277
centos7全面升级了引导程序和系统管理程序，使用grub2替代了grub来引导操作系统，使用systemd替换了init管理系统程序，systemd的升级比较激进，从架构上变更init管理程序。微服务docker却希望使用docker domean管理微服务中的进程，这是一个问题。一 grub2 grub2和grub之间区别主要是grub2把引导模块化了，每个驱动一...
关于在x86 Ubuntu系统交叉编译glibc 2.33的问题
timiki的博客
05-21 1596
如何在arm架构中升级GLIBC版本
双系统下Arch Linux启动项丢失，如何恢复，systemd-boot
aks_dns的博客
12-03 1241
UEFI 引导管理器为systemd-boot，不是grub。Arch 发行版。该解决办法不具有普适性，因为导致Linux无法启动的原因有很多种。
arch linux windows,Dual boot with Windows (简体中文)
weixin_29783347的博客
05-04 220
翻译状态：本文是 Dual_boot_with_Windows 的翻译。上次翻译日期：2016-08-20。如果英文版本有所更改，则您可以帮助同步翻译。这篇条目提供了 Arch Linux 和 Windows 双重启动的一些相关信息。重要信息Windows UEFI 和 BIOS 启动限制Microsoft 对不同版本的启动方式限制不同:Windows 版本BIOS-MBRUEFI-GPTx86 ...
Linux开机流程&Systemd&grub
Lucaskingjyh的博客
11-26 1187
Linux开机流程&Systemd&grub fromNet，感谢网络 带来有趣/专业 总结: 1、Boot : 'pull oneself up by one's bootstraps',计算机启动是一个很矛盾的过程，必须先运行程序，然后计算机才能启动，但是计算机不启动就无法运行程序！ 2、分析LINUX开机过程也是深入了解LINUX核心工作原理的一个很好的途径 ...
archlinux+grub or systemd-boot启动安装简单教程
08-02
这篇教程旨在提供一个相对简单的ArchLinux安装过程，涵盖了使用`grub`和`systemd-boot`两种启动加载器的安装方法。 在开始安装前，首先要确保网络连接。在ArchLinux中，可以使用`iwctl`命令来管理无线网络，例如...
arch-linux-setup:设置Arch Linux以供使用
03-28
11. 更新GRUB配置：`grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg`。 12. 退出chroot环境：`exit`，然后卸载挂载点：`umount -R /mnt`。 ### **四、首次启动与系统配置** 1. 重启计算机并移除安装媒体，让系统从新安装的...
Arch-Linux-Installation
03-20
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg ``` ### 11. 更新系统 ```bash pacman -Syu ``` ### 12. 安装图形界面（可选） 根据个人喜好选择桌面环境，如GNOME、KDE Plasma、XFCE等。这里以XFCE为例： ```bash ...
Arch-Linux-install
03-31
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg ``` 15. **退出并重启**：最后，退出chroot环境，卸载挂载点，并重启电脑： ```bash exit umount -R /mnt reboot ``` 至此，你已成功完成了Arch Linux的基本安装。...
嵌入式系统/ARM技术中的关于Linux的启动和核心
10-21
1. `/boot/grub/grub.cfg`（或类似的配置文件，取决于引导加载器）：定义启动菜单和内核参数。 2. `/etc/inittab`（在某些发行版中，可能已被systemd替代）：指定运行级别和服务启动顺序。 3. `/etc/fstab`：描述...
systemboot:SystemBoot是LinuxBoot发行版，基于u-root，用作系统固件+引导程序
03-11
系统启动 注意：systemboot 。 该存储库现在是只读的，并且仅出于历史原因而保留，但是您应该完全从u-root构建Bootloader。 如何？ CLI工具已移至 {fbnetboot，localboot，uinit}下，库已移至[u-root / pkg /] {bootconfig，booter，checker，crypto，recovery，rng，storage，vpd}下。 和 。 SystemBoot是LinuxBoot的发行版，用于创建系统固件+引导程序。 它基于 。 提供的程序是： netboot ：一个网络启动客户端，它使用DHCP和HTTP获取基于Linux的启动程序，并使用kexec运行它 localboot ：在本地磁盘上查找可引导内核配置并对其进行引导的工具 uinit ： netboot和localboot的包装器，通过在网络启动和本地启动之间循环
system-boot
06-26
Ubuntu 16.04 树莓PI3 Starting kernel … system-boot内文件全部复制到有问题的SD卡
syslinux和grub引导linux,在Arch上使用Syslinux替代GRUB
weixin_42503660的博客
05-15 1010
这个教程用于教授Arch Linux用户如何在Arch下安装Syslinux——一个轻量级、快速并且现代感十足的系统引导程序，用来替换掉系统自带的GRUB引导程序。实际上，Syslinux不是一个简单的开机启动装载程序，它支持多种启动引导方式，本地载入，通过PXE网络载入，以及通过可移动媒体载入。并且，它还同时支持MBR和GPT磁盘，以及RAID设置。在开始你实际操作之前，你应该知道Syslinu...
Grub2和Systemd环境下的Linux启动流程
beeworkshop的博客
02-15 1425
1. 引导 boot 此阶段结束时，Linux 内核和 systemd 处于运行状态，但是由于没有其他任何程序在执行，故其不能执行任何有关用户的功能性任务。 2. 启动过程 start 启动过程使 Linux 系统进入可操作状态，并能够执行用户功能性任务。 systemd可以管理运行中的 Linux 主机的许多方面，包括挂载文件系统，以及开启和管理 Linux 主机的系统服务等。 system...
linux systemd常用,archlinux下systemd使用详解
weixin_28817625的博客
05-12 565
该楼层疑似违规已被系统折叠隐藏此楼查看此楼systemd是干什么的不多解释具体可以自己去百度一下不过介绍相关使用方法的基本上没有，所以这里算抛砖引玉吧遗漏和不懂之处颇多，因为能查到的资料有限--不过对于初期使用已经绰绰有余。arch官方的那篇文档没有翻译过来，但也基本上说的比较全了，所以这里就结合官方WIKI的同时，加上自己的使用经验写一篇，以帮助快速入门。安装systemdpacman -S ...
linux--systemd、systemctl
天道酬勤
05-21 854
linux 系统 systemd机制。
嵌入式Linux--MYiR板--系统引导（system boot）
似水流年
05-05 1049
1.概览  引导过程从上电复位（POR）开始，在此硬件复位逻辑强制ARM内核从片上引导ROM开始执行。  引导ROM代码使用内部寄存器BOOT_MODE [1：0]的状态以及各种 eFUSE 和/或 GPIO 设置的状态来确定设备的引导流程行为。ROM的主要功能包括： 支持从各种启动设备启动 串行下载器支持 (USB OTG 和 UART) 设备配置数据（Device Configuration...
systemd时代的开机启动流程(UEFI+systemd)
szembed的博客
02-16 1397
但注意，所有的内核镜像都是以bzImage方式压缩过的，压缩后CentOS 6的内核大小大约为4M，CentOS 7的内核大小大约为5M，CentOS 8的内核大小约9M。所以内核要能正常运作下去，它需要进行解压释放。shell123#CentOS 8内核大小$注：谁解压内核？内核引导协议要求bootloader最后将内核镜像读取到内存中，内核镜像是以bzImage格式被压缩。
arch Linux
最新发布
06-19
Arch Linux是一款基于Linux内核的开源操作系统，以其灵活性、轻量级和高度定制化而闻名。它以滚动更新发行版（rolling release）的形式发布，这意味着用户可以随时获得最新的软件包更新，而不需要等待新的稳定版本发布。 1. **核心理念**：Arch强调最小化系统并鼓励用户自定义和管理自己的安装。它提供了基础的包管理工具Pacman，让用户能够直接从AUR（Arch User Repository）获取第三方软件包。 2. **文件系统**：Arch使用的是Btrfs或Ext4文件系统，但大多数情况下推荐Btrfs，因为它提供了更高级的功能，如快照和增量备份。 3. **安装过程**：Arch的安装过程相对简单，但可能对新手有一定挑战，因为它要求用户手动配置分区、挂载点和基本系统设置。社区提供了Yaourt和AUR Helper等工具辅助包管理。 4. **包管理**：Pacman是一个强大的、命令行界面的包管理器，支持同步、升级和自定义软件包搜索路径。 5. **社区支持**：虽然官方文档详尽，但Arch Linux的社区活跃且乐于助人，提供了丰富的教程和论坛资源。

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么？

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论 1
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值