这边对初学者理解JMS和MDB比较有帮助。
JMS(Java Message Service)即消息服务。是由sun公司提出,定义java程序访问企业消息传递系统的接口,是J2EE平台上实现面向消息的中间件的规范。面向消息的中间件系统是一种异步通讯系统。非java平台的面向消息的中间件系统也有很多,比较常见的有IBM的MQSeries,Microsoft的MSMQ。
Message driven bean是EJB2.0规范新增加的一种bean,这样就使EJB框架具备了异步消息通讯机制。Message driven bean在JMS系统中扮演消息的消费者(consumer),也就是消息的监听者,而一个客户端着扮演消息的生产者(productor)即消息的发送者。当一个客户端向一个队列或主题发送一个消息后,EJB容器将调用相应的Message driven bean,对收到的消息进行处理,对bean的调用是自动进行的,所要做的只是把消息发送到队列或主题即可。
在此不多说JMS和Message driven bean的详细情况,详细知识请到sun的java网站上取得,或在网上搜索。在这里说明一个简单例子的实现过程。本例子用到的工具软件application server:weblogic 6.1,jdk:jdk1.3。
要想运行一个Message driven bean,先要在weblogic控制台做一些设定。
1.Connection factory的设定
打开weblogic控制台,在左边的Form中选择mydomain/Service//JMS/Connection factory,在右边将会显示Connection factory的配置画面,然后在该画面中选择new JMS Connection Factory configuration。
名字:TestConnFactory
JNDI名:jmstest.JMSConnFactory
其他选项取默认值,点击做成按钮。
2.JMS的服务器设置
(1)在左边的Form中选择mydomain/Service//JMS/server,在右边将显示的配置画面,点击new JMSServer configuration。
名字:MyJMSServer
点击作成按钮即作成了server。
(2)然后在左边的form中就可以看到MyJMSServer这一项,下面有destination子项,点击打开,看到destination的设定画面。点击new JMSQueue configuration或者new JMSTopic configuration,这次我们选new JMSTopic configuration。
名字:MyJMSTopic
JNDI名:jmstest.JMSTopic
点击作成按钮。
到此,JMS的服务器端就配置好了。
先说一下用JMS API做的一个例子。在JMS系统中,消息传递模型分两种,点对点模型(point-to-point model,PTP)和发布/订阅模型(publish and subscribe,pub/sub)。关于这两种模型的详细资料,请在网上查询。下面的例子用的是发布/订阅模型,对于点对点模型处理几乎一模一样,只是用到的有些方法名称不一样。
1. 消息发布程序
package jmstest;
/**
* Title:
* Description:
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2001
* Company:
* @author
* @version 1.0
*/
import java.io.*;
import javax.jms.*;
import javax.naming.*;
public class TPublisher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TPublisher().publish();
}
public void publish() {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
//Prompt for JNDI names
System.out.println("Enter TopicConnectionFactory name:");
String factoryName = reader.readLine();
System.out.println("Enter Topic name:");
String topicName = reader.readLine();
//Look up administered objects
Context initContext = Util.getInitialContext();
TopicConnectionFactory factory =
(TopicConnectionFactory) initContext.lookup(factoryName);
Topic topic = (Topic) initContext.lookup(topicName);
initContext.close();
//Create JMS objects
TopicConnection connection = factory.createTopicConnection();
TopicSession session =
connection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
TopicPublisher publisher = session.createPublisher(topic);
// set persistant
publisher.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
//Send messages
String messageText = null;
while (true) {
System.out.println("Enter message to send or 'quit':");
messageText = reader.readLine();
if ("quit".equals(messageText))
break;
TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage(messageText);
publisher.publish(message);
}
System.out.println("Exiting...");
reader.close();
connection.close();
System.out.println("Goodbye!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
}
2.消息订阅程序
package jmstest;
/**
* Title:
* Description:
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2001
* Company:
* @author
* @version 1.0
*/
import java.io.*;
import javax.jms.*;
import javax.naming.*;
public class TSubscriber implements MessageListener {
private boolean stop = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TSubscriber().subscribe();
}
public void subscribe() {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
//Prompt for JNDI names
System.out.println("Enter TopicConnectionFactory name:");
String factoryName = reader.readLine();
System.out.println("Enter Topic name:");
String topicName = reader.readLine();
reader.close();
//Look up administered objects
Context initContext = Util.getInitialContext();
TopicConnectionFactory factory =
(TopicConnectionFactory) initContext.lookup(factoryName);
Topic topic = (Topic) initContext.lookup(topicName);
initContext.close();
//Create JMS objects
TopicConnection connection = factory.createTopicConnection();
TopicSession session =
connection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
TopicSubscriber subscriber = session.createSubscriber(topic);
subscriber.setMessageListener(this);
connection.start();
//Wait for stop
while (!stop) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
System.out.println("Exiting...");
connection.close();
System.out.println("Goodbye!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
String msgText = ((TextMessage) message).getText();
System.out.println(msgText);
if ("stop".equals(msgText))
stop = true;
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
stop = true;
}
}
}
打开消息订阅程序和消息发布程序,输入我们在上面配置好的connection factory名和topic名,即可通过消息发布程序发送字符消息,在消息订阅程序程序中可以接收到。
下面再说一下message driven bean的例子。message driven bean在JMS系统中扮演的是消息消费者的角色,即一个message driven bean相当于我们上面例子中的Tsubscriber,只不过它不需要手工调用,由服务器自动调用,也就是说我们只要向某个主题发送消息就可以了,消息将由服务器调用相应的message driven bean去处理。
1.MsgDrvTest.java
package msgdrvbeantest;
/**
* Title:
* Description:
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2001
* Company:
* @author
* @version 1.0
*/
import weblogic.rmi.RemoteException;
import javax.ejb.CreateException;
import javax.ejb.MessageDrivenBean;
import javax.ejb.MessageDrivenContext;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class MsgDrvTest implements MessageDrivenBean, MessageListener{
private MessageDrivenContext m_context;
private static final boolean VERBOSE = true;
public MsgDrvTest() {
}
private void log(String s) {
if (VERBOSE) System.out.println(s);
}
public void ejbActivate() {
log("ejbActivate called");
}
public void ejbRemove() {
log("ejbRemove called");
}
public void ejbPassivate() {
log("ejbPassivate called");
}
public void setMessageDrivenContext(MessageDrivenContext ctx) {
log("setMessageDrivenContext called");
m_context = ctx;
}
public void ejbCreate () throws CreateException {
log("ejbCreate called");
}
/
// MessageListener complement,we should do something at here
//
public void onMessage(Message msg) {
TextMessage tm = (TextMessage) msg;
try {
String text = tm.getText();
log("Received new message : " + text);
}
catch(JMSException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
//
// MessageListener complement
/
}
2. ejb-jar.xml
<!DOCTYPE ejb-jar PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Enterprise JavaBeans 2.0//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/ejb-jar_2_0.dtd">
<ejb-jar>
<enterprise-beans>
<message-driven>
<ejb-name>TestMsgDrvBean</ejb-name>
<ejb-class>msgdrvbeantest.MsgDrvTest</ejb-class>
<transaction-type>Container</transaction-type>
<message-driven-destination>
<!-- destination type: javax.jms.Topic or javax.jms.Queue -->
<destination-type>javax.jms.Topic</destination-type>
</message-driven-destination>
</message-driven>
</enterprise-beans>
</ejb-jar>
3.weblogic-ejb-jar.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE weblogic-ejb-jar PUBLIC "-//BEA Systems, Inc.//DTD WebLogic 6.0.0 EJB//EN" "http://www.bea.com/servers/wls600/dtd/weblogic-ejb-jar.dtd">
<weblogic-ejb-jar>
<weblogic-enterprise-bean>
<ejb-name>TestMsgDrvBean</ejb-name>
<message-driven-descriptor>
<pool>
<max-beans-in-free-pool>20</max-beans-in-free-pool>
<initial-beans-in-free-pool>1</initial-beans-in-free-pool>
</pool>
<!-- destination-jndi-name is that we configured at JMS server -->
<destination-jndi-name>jmstest.JMSTopic</destination-jndi-name>
</message-driven-descriptor>
<jndi-name>TestMsgDrvBean</jndi-name>
</weblogic-enterprise-bean>
</weblogic-ejb-jar>
编译MsgDrvTest.java文件,然后用ejbc,生成jar文件,然后将其发布到weblogic中即可。
测试程序可以用上面的例子中的Tpublisher,输入我们在上面配置好的connection factory名和topic名,然后就可以输入字符消息,比如输入一个单词hello,那么在weblogic的控制台就应该可以看到“Received new message : hello”
JMS(Java Message Service)即消息服务。是由sun公司提出,定义java程序访问企业消息传递系统的接口,是J2EE平台上实现面向消息的中间件的规范。面向消息的中间件系统是一种异步通讯系统。非java平台的面向消息的中间件系统也有很多,比较常见的有IBM的MQSeries,Microsoft的MSMQ。
Message driven bean是EJB2.0规范新增加的一种bean,这样就使EJB框架具备了异步消息通讯机制。Message driven bean在JMS系统中扮演消息的消费者(consumer),也就是消息的监听者,而一个客户端着扮演消息的生产者(productor)即消息的发送者。当一个客户端向一个队列或主题发送一个消息后,EJB容器将调用相应的Message driven bean,对收到的消息进行处理,对bean的调用是自动进行的,所要做的只是把消息发送到队列或主题即可。
在此不多说JMS和Message driven bean的详细情况,详细知识请到sun的java网站上取得,或在网上搜索。在这里说明一个简单例子的实现过程。本例子用到的工具软件application server:weblogic 6.1,jdk:jdk1.3。
要想运行一个Message driven bean,先要在weblogic控制台做一些设定。
1.Connection factory的设定
打开weblogic控制台,在左边的Form中选择mydomain/Service//JMS/Connection factory,在右边将会显示Connection factory的配置画面,然后在该画面中选择new JMS Connection Factory configuration。
名字:TestConnFactory
JNDI名:jmstest.JMSConnFactory
其他选项取默认值,点击做成按钮。
2.JMS的服务器设置
(1)在左边的Form中选择mydomain/Service//JMS/server,在右边将显示的配置画面,点击new JMSServer configuration。
名字:MyJMSServer
点击作成按钮即作成了server。
(2)然后在左边的form中就可以看到MyJMSServer这一项,下面有destination子项,点击打开,看到destination的设定画面。点击new JMSQueue configuration或者new JMSTopic configuration,这次我们选new JMSTopic configuration。
名字:MyJMSTopic
JNDI名:jmstest.JMSTopic
点击作成按钮。
到此,JMS的服务器端就配置好了。
先说一下用JMS API做的一个例子。在JMS系统中,消息传递模型分两种,点对点模型(point-to-point model,PTP)和发布/订阅模型(publish and subscribe,pub/sub)。关于这两种模型的详细资料,请在网上查询。下面的例子用的是发布/订阅模型,对于点对点模型处理几乎一模一样,只是用到的有些方法名称不一样。
1. 消息发布程序
package jmstest;
/**
* Title:
* Description:
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2001
* Company:
* @author
* @version 1.0
*/
import java.io.*;
import javax.jms.*;
import javax.naming.*;
public class TPublisher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TPublisher().publish();
}
public void publish() {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
//Prompt for JNDI names
System.out.println("Enter TopicConnectionFactory name:");
String factoryName = reader.readLine();
System.out.println("Enter Topic name:");
String topicName = reader.readLine();
//Look up administered objects
Context initContext = Util.getInitialContext();
TopicConnectionFactory factory =
(TopicConnectionFactory) initContext.lookup(factoryName);
Topic topic = (Topic) initContext.lookup(topicName);
initContext.close();
//Create JMS objects
TopicConnection connection = factory.createTopicConnection();
TopicSession session =
connection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
TopicPublisher publisher = session.createPublisher(topic);
// set persistant
publisher.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
//Send messages
String messageText = null;
while (true) {
System.out.println("Enter message to send or 'quit':");
messageText = reader.readLine();
if ("quit".equals(messageText))
break;
TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage(messageText);
publisher.publish(message);
}
System.out.println("Exiting...");
reader.close();
connection.close();
System.out.println("Goodbye!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
}
2.消息订阅程序
package jmstest;
/**
* Title:
* Description:
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2001
* Company:
* @author
* @version 1.0
*/
import java.io.*;
import javax.jms.*;
import javax.naming.*;
public class TSubscriber implements MessageListener {
private boolean stop = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TSubscriber().subscribe();
}
public void subscribe() {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
//Prompt for JNDI names
System.out.println("Enter TopicConnectionFactory name:");
String factoryName = reader.readLine();
System.out.println("Enter Topic name:");
String topicName = reader.readLine();
reader.close();
//Look up administered objects
Context initContext = Util.getInitialContext();
TopicConnectionFactory factory =
(TopicConnectionFactory) initContext.lookup(factoryName);
Topic topic = (Topic) initContext.lookup(topicName);
initContext.close();
//Create JMS objects
TopicConnection connection = factory.createTopicConnection();
TopicSession session =
connection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
TopicSubscriber subscriber = session.createSubscriber(topic);
subscriber.setMessageListener(this);
connection.start();
//Wait for stop
while (!stop) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
System.out.println("Exiting...");
connection.close();
System.out.println("Goodbye!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
String msgText = ((TextMessage) message).getText();
System.out.println(msgText);
if ("stop".equals(msgText))
stop = true;
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
stop = true;
}
}
}
打开消息订阅程序和消息发布程序,输入我们在上面配置好的connection factory名和topic名,即可通过消息发布程序发送字符消息,在消息订阅程序程序中可以接收到。
下面再说一下message driven bean的例子。message driven bean在JMS系统中扮演的是消息消费者的角色,即一个message driven bean相当于我们上面例子中的Tsubscriber,只不过它不需要手工调用,由服务器自动调用,也就是说我们只要向某个主题发送消息就可以了,消息将由服务器调用相应的message driven bean去处理。
1.MsgDrvTest.java
package msgdrvbeantest;
/**
* Title:
* Description:
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2001
* Company:
* @author
* @version 1.0
*/
import weblogic.rmi.RemoteException;
import javax.ejb.CreateException;
import javax.ejb.MessageDrivenBean;
import javax.ejb.MessageDrivenContext;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class MsgDrvTest implements MessageDrivenBean, MessageListener{
private MessageDrivenContext m_context;
private static final boolean VERBOSE = true;
public MsgDrvTest() {
}
private void log(String s) {
if (VERBOSE) System.out.println(s);
}
public void ejbActivate() {
log("ejbActivate called");
}
public void ejbRemove() {
log("ejbRemove called");
}
public void ejbPassivate() {
log("ejbPassivate called");
}
public void setMessageDrivenContext(MessageDrivenContext ctx) {
log("setMessageDrivenContext called");
m_context = ctx;
}
public void ejbCreate () throws CreateException {
log("ejbCreate called");
}
/
// MessageListener complement,we should do something at here
//
public void onMessage(Message msg) {
TextMessage tm = (TextMessage) msg;
try {
String text = tm.getText();
log("Received new message : " + text);
}
catch(JMSException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
//
// MessageListener complement
/
}
2. ejb-jar.xml
<!DOCTYPE ejb-jar PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Enterprise JavaBeans 2.0//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/ejb-jar_2_0.dtd">
<ejb-jar>
<enterprise-beans>
<message-driven>
<ejb-name>TestMsgDrvBean</ejb-name>
<ejb-class>msgdrvbeantest.MsgDrvTest</ejb-class>
<transaction-type>Container</transaction-type>
<message-driven-destination>
<!-- destination type: javax.jms.Topic or javax.jms.Queue -->
<destination-type>javax.jms.Topic</destination-type>
</message-driven-destination>
</message-driven>
</enterprise-beans>
</ejb-jar>
3.weblogic-ejb-jar.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE weblogic-ejb-jar PUBLIC "-//BEA Systems, Inc.//DTD WebLogic 6.0.0 EJB//EN" "http://www.bea.com/servers/wls600/dtd/weblogic-ejb-jar.dtd">
<weblogic-ejb-jar>
<weblogic-enterprise-bean>
<ejb-name>TestMsgDrvBean</ejb-name>
<message-driven-descriptor>
<pool>
<max-beans-in-free-pool>20</max-beans-in-free-pool>
<initial-beans-in-free-pool>1</initial-beans-in-free-pool>
</pool>
<!-- destination-jndi-name is that we configured at JMS server -->
<destination-jndi-name>jmstest.JMSTopic</destination-jndi-name>
</message-driven-descriptor>
<jndi-name>TestMsgDrvBean</jndi-name>
</weblogic-enterprise-bean>
</weblogic-ejb-jar>
编译MsgDrvTest.java文件,然后用ejbc,生成jar文件,然后将其发布到weblogic中即可。
测试程序可以用上面的例子中的Tpublisher,输入我们在上面配置好的connection factory名和topic名,然后就可以输入字符消息,比如输入一个单词hello,那么在weblogic的控制台就应该可以看到“Received new message : hello”