第1章 Unix系统编程概述

初窥Unix系统编程

本书通过以下3个步骤来学习。
1. 分析程序
首先分析现有的程序，了解它的功能及实现原理
2. 学习系统调用
看程序都用到哪些系统调用，以及每个系统调用的功能和使用方法。
3. 编程实现
利用学到的原理和系统调用，自己编程实现原来程序所实现的功能。

以上3步可以通过下面3个问题来实现：
* 它能做什么?
* 它是如何实现的？
* 能不能自己编写一个？

作者以more的命令为例，说明了Unix系统编程其实并不是很难，但也不是很容易的事情。

/* more01.c - version 0.1 of more
 * read and print 24 lines then pause for a few special commands
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#define PAGELEN 24
#define LINELEN 512
void do_more(FILE * );
int see_more();
int main(int ac, char *av[])
{
    FILE *fp;
    if (ac == 1)
        do_more(stdin);
    else
        while (--ac)
            if ((fp = fopen(*++av, "r")) != NULL)
            {
                do_more(fp);
                fclose(fp);
            }
            else 
                exit(1);
    return 0;
}

void do_more(FILE *fp)
    /*
     * read PAGELEN lines, then call see_more() for further instructions
     */
{
    char line[LINELEN];
    int num_of_lines = 0;
    int see_more(), reply;
    while (fgets(line, LINELEN, fp)) {
        if (num_of_lines == PAGELEN) {
            reply = see_more();
            if (reply == 0)
                break;
            num_of_lines -= reply;
        }
        if (fputs(line, stdout) == EOF)
            exit(1);
        num_of_lines++;
    }
}

int see_more()
    /*
     * print message, wait for response, return # of lines to advance
     * q means no, space means yes, CR means one line
     */
{
    int c;
    printf("\033[7m more? \033[m");         /* reverse on a vt100 */
    while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)          /* get response */
    {
        if (c == 'q')                   /* q->N */
            return 0;
        if (c == ' ')                   /* ' ' => next page */
            return PAGELEN;                 /* how many to show */
        if (c == '\n')                  /* Enter key => 1 line */
            return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* more02c - version 0.2 of more
 * read and print 24 lines then pause for a few special commands
 * feature of version 0.2: reads from /dev/tty for commands
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#define PAGELEN 24
#define LINELEN 512
void do_more(FILE * );
int see_more(FILE * );
int main( int ac, char *av[] )
{
    FILE *fp;
    if ( ac == 1 )
        do_more(stdin);
    else
        while(--ac)
            if( (fp = fopen( *++av, "r" )) != NULL )
            {
                do_more( fp );
                fclose( fp );
            }
            else
                exit( 1 );
    return 0;
}
void do_more( FILE *fp )
    /*
     * read PAGELEN lines, then call see_more() for further instructions
     */
{
    char line[LINELEN];
    int num_of_lines = 0;
    int see_more(), reply;
    FILE *fp_tty;
    fp_tty = fopen("/dev/tty", "r");
    if (fp_tty == NULL)
        exit(1);
    while ( fgets( line, LINELEN, fp ) ){
        if ( num_of_lines == PAGELEN ) {
            reply = see_more(fp_tty);
            if ( reply == 0 )
                break;
            num_of_lines -= reply;

        }
        if ( fputs( line, stdout ) == EOF )
            exit(1);
        num_of_lines++;
    }
}

int see_more(FILE *cmd)
{
    int c;
    printf("\033[7m more? \033[m");
    while( (c=getc(cmd)) != EOF )
    {
        if ( c == 'q' )
            return 0;
        if ( c == ' ' )
            return PAGELEN;
        if ( c == '\n' )
            return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}