hdu4652（概率DP，推公式）

最新推荐文章于 2020-10-12 23:59:40 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-10-12 23:59:40 发布

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分类专栏：概率DP 文章标签： dp hdu

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地址：http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=4652

Dice

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 344 Accepted Submission(s): 228
Special Judge

Problem Description

You have a dice with m faces, each face contains a distinct number. We assume when we tossing the dice, each face will occur randomly and uniformly. Now you have T query to answer, each query has one of the following form:
0 m n: ask for the expected number of tosses until the last n times results are all same.
1 m n: ask for the expected number of tosses until the last n consecutive results are pairwise different.

Input

The first line contains a number T.(1≤T≤100) The next T line each line contains a query as we mentioned above. (1≤m,n≤10 ⁶) For second kind query, we guarantee n≤m. And in order to avoid potential precision issue, we guarantee the result for our query will not exceeding 10 ⁹ in this problem.

Output

For each query, output the corresponding result. The answer will be considered correct if the absolute or relative error doesn't exceed 10 ^-6.

Sample Input

  
  
   
   6
0 6 1
0 6 3
0 6 5
1 6 2
1 6 4
1 6 6
10
1 4534 25
1 1232 24
1 3213 15
1 4343 24
1 4343 9
1 65467 123
1 43434 100
1 34344 9
1 10001 15
1 1000000 2000

Sample Output

  
  
   
   1.000000000
43.000000000
1555.000000000
2.200000000
7.600000000
83.200000000
25.586315824
26.015990037
15.176341160
24.541045769
9.027721917
127.908330426
103.975455253
9.003495515
15.056204472
4731.706620396

题意：有一个m面的骰子，问（0）最后n面数字相同要掷几次，求期望；（1）最后n面数字不同要掷几次，求期望。

思路：前一个用套路就行了，但是后一个种类太多，用套路的话会超时。

看了下别人的做法，通过推导公式来求出答案，利用相减来去掉未知数从而找出关系。

这里只写后一种提问的推导过程：

因为要最后n次不同，也就是说你掷出的数字可能与你第i次掷出的数字相同，那么你现在就从完成了m次不同投掷变为完成m-i次不同投掷，所以这里有多种情况。

写成一般套路的话就是：

p[0]=p[1]+1;

p[1]=(m-1)/m*p[2]+1/m*p[1];

p[2]=(m-2)/m*p[3]+1/m*p[1]+1/m*p[2];

p[3]=(m-3)/m*p[4]+1/m*p[1]+1/m*p[2]+1/m*p[3];

。

p[i]=(m-i)/m*p[i+1]+1/m*p[1]+……+1/m*p[i];

发现p[i]-p[i+1]=(m-i-1)/m*(p[i+1]-p[i+2])，又因为p[0]=p[1]+1，所以这里可以写出公式递推得答案。

代码：

#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
//#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
double p[2000010];
int main()
{
    int t,a,m,n;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        double ans;
        scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&m,&n);
        if(!a)  //求相同
        {
            p[n*2]=p[n*2+1]=0;
            for(int i=n-1;i>=1;i--)
            {
                p[i*2]=1.0/m*p[(i+1)*2]+1;
                p[i*2+1]=1.0/m*p[(i+1)*2+1]+(m-1)*1.0/m;
            }
            printf("%.9lf\n",p[2]/(1-p[3])+1);
        }
        else  //求不同
        {
            p[0]=1;
            for(int i=1;i<n;p[0]+=p[i],i++)
                p[i]=m*1.0/(m-i)*p[i-1];
            printf("%.9lf\n",p[0]);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}