1.卸载已有的 nginx
2.软件下载地址
3.预先安装软件
4.安装 nginx
5.出现问题解决
6.启动和停止nginx
7.停止
8.启动
9.重启
10.测试
11.常见例子->访问静态文件
12.常见例子->一个负载均衡例子
13.常见例子->多个负载均衡,多个服务,多个端口
14.nginx可以实现的效果
卸载已有的 nginx
find -name nginx ./nginx ./nginx/sbin/nginx ./nginx-1.2.6/objs/nginx yum remove nginx
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yum install gcc-c++ -y yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl--devel pcre pcre-devel
安装 nginx
cd /usr/local tar -zxv -f nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz rm -rf nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz mv nginx-1.2.6 nginx cd /usr/local/nginx #设置安装位置,可以自己定义 #文件夹出现位置是在 make, make install 之后才出现的,添加http检测模块 ./configure --prefix=/data/software/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module #安装 make && make install
出现问题解决
安装报错: 时候,我们需要单独安装nginx,来处理大量的下载请求。 单独在Centos5安装nginx遇到的rewrite和HTTP cache错误解决办法: wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-0.8.33.tar.gz tar -zxvf nginx-0.8.33.tar.gz cd nginx-0.8.33 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx 安装Nginx时报错 ./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library. 安装pcre-devel解决问题 yum -y install pcre-devel 错误提示:./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using --without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=<path> options. 解决办法: yum -y install openssl openssl-devel 总结: yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
配置防火墙
#修改防火墙配置: [root@admin nginx-1.2.6]# vi + /etc/sysconfig/iptables #添加配置项 -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT #重启防火墙 [root@admin nginx-1.2.6]# service iptables restart
启动和停止nginx
#方法1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #方法2 cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin ./nginx
停止
#查询nginx主进程号 ps -ef | grep nginx #停止进程 kill -QUIT 主进程号 #快速停止 kill -TERM 主进程号 #强制停止 pkill -9 nginx
重启
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试
#端口测试 netstat –na|grep 80 #浏览器中测试 http://ip:80
常见例子->访问静态文件
user nginx nginx; worker_processes 8; worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000; worker_rlimit_nofile 65536; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 65536; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - '; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; proxy_ignore_client_abort on; keepalive_timeout 65; #keepalive_timeout 1000; charset utf-8; gzip on; gzip_min_length 10k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/octet-stream; gzip_vary on; server { #被监听的端口号和网址 listen 80; server_name www.test.com; #charset koi8-r; access_log logs/test_access.log main; location / { #这个地方指定被访问的文件夹位置 root /data/test; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css|js)$ { root /data/test; expires 30d; } } #location ~ /purge(/.*){ # allow 192.168.0.0/16; # deny all; # proxy_cache_purge resource $host$1$is_args$args; #} }
常见例子->一个负载均衡例子
user nginx nginx; worker_processes 8; worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000; worker_rlimit_nofile 65536; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 65536; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # log_format 日志格式 log_format main '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - '; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; proxy_ignore_client_abort on; keepalive_timeout 65; #keepalive_timeout 1000; charset utf-8; gzip on; gzip_min_length 10k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/octet-stream; gzip_vary on; upstream balance{ server 192.168.21.77:8080; } server { listen 80; server_name www.website.com; #charset koi8-r; access_log logs/website.log main; #request proxy server location / { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; #这里设置代理的位置 proxy_pass http://balance; proxy_redirect default; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location /nginx_status{ stub_status on; access_log off;#指定全局的 log 是否打开 allow all; # deny all; } } }
13. 常见例子->多个负载均衡,多个服务,多个端口
user nginx nginx; worker_processes 8; worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000; worker_rlimit_nofile 65536; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 65536; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - '; #全局日志记录记录的位置及日志格式 access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; proxy_ignore_client_abort on; keepalive_timeout 65; #keepalive_timeout 1000; charset utf-8; gzip on; gzip_min_length 10k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/octet-stream; gzip_vary on; #负载均衡示例 1 upstream balance1{ server 192.168.21.76:8093 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; } #负载均衡示例 2 upstream balance2{ server 192.168.21.76:8070; server 192.168.21.76:8071 down; } #负载均衡示例 3 upstream balance3{ server 192.168.21.76:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; } #web 服务 1 server { listen 80; server_name www.website1.com; #charset koi8-r; #当前 web 服务的日志 位置、格式 access_log logs/404_access.log main; #request proxy server location / { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://balance1; proxy_redirect default; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location /nginx_status{ stub_status on; access_log off;#指定全局的 access_log 是否打开 allow all; # deny all; } } server { listen 80; server_name website2.com; #charset koi8-r; # access_log logs/website2.log main; #request proxy server location / { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://balance3; proxy_redirect default; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location /nginx_status{ stub_status on; access_log off; allow all; # deny all; } } server { listen 80; server_name www.website3.com; #charset koi8-r; access_log logs/website3.log main; #request proxy server location / { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://balance1; proxy_redirect default; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location /nginx_status{ stub_status on; access_log off; allow all; # deny all; } } server { listen 8060; server_name 192.168.1.111; #charset koi8-r; access_log logs/website4.log main; #request proxy server location / { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://balance2; proxy_redirect default; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location /nginx_status{ stub_status on; access_log off; allow all; # deny all; } } }
同一个域名下的不同 url 指向不同应用
worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # log_format 日志格式 log_format main '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - '; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; proxy_ignore_client_abort on; keepalive_timeout 65; #keepalive_timeout 1000; charset utf-8; gzip on; gzip_min_length 10k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/octet-stream; gzip_vary on; upstream tomcat-cfhd-admin { ip_hash; server 192.168.87.105:8081; server 192.168.87.104:8081; } upstream tomcat-cfhd-service { server 192.168.87.105:8082; server 192.168.87.104:8082; } server { listen 80; #server_name 203.158.23.152; server_name test.ync365.com; #charset koi8-r; access_log logs/hd.access.log main; #request proxy server #http://test.ync365.com/cfhd-admin #上面的请求将会由 http://tomcat-cfhd-admin 处理 #****需要注意的是***** #http://tomcat-cfhd-admin 所指向的那个tomcat里面所部署的war文件的名称需要固定为 #cfhd-admin.war #因为代理的域名指向了指定了 upstream 下面的 /cfhd-admin,所以那个工程的 war名称必须的跟他一致才能找到 location /cfhd-admin { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://tomcat-cfhd-admin; proxy_redirect default; client_max_body_size 50m; } #http://test.ync365.com/cfhd-service #上面的请求将会由 http://tomcat-cfhd-service 处理 #****需要注意的是***** #http://tomcat-cfhd-service 所指向的那个tomcat里面所部署的war文件的名称需要固定为 #cfhd-service.war #因为代理的域名指向了指定了 upstream 下面的 /cfhd-service,所以那个工程的 war名称必须的跟他一致才能找到 location /cfhd-service { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://tomcat-cfhd-service; proxy_redirect default; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location /nginx_status{ stub_status on; access_log off;#指定全局的 log 是否打开 allow all; # deny all; } } }
nginx可以实现的效果
(1)可以指定多个端口。
(2)一个负载均衡可以被多个服务名访问。
(3)一个端口可以被多个服务监听。
(4)一个负载均衡可以配置多个 tomcat 服务。