MongoDB 中的文档与 SQL 数据库中的记录相同。
插入集合
要在 MongoDB 中把记录或我们所称的文档插入集合,我们使用 insert_one()
方法。
insert_one()
方法的第一个参数是字典,其中包含希望插入文档中的每个字段名称和值。
实例
在 "customers" 集合中插入记录:
import pymongo myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/") mydb = myclient["mydatabase"] mycol = mydb["customers"] mydict = { "name": "Bill", "address": "Highway 37" } x = mycol.insert_one(mydict)
返回 _id 字段
insert_one()
方法返回 InsertOneResult 对象,该对象拥有属性 inserted_id
,用于保存插入文档的 id。
实例
在 "customers" 集合中插入另一条记录,并返回 _id 字段的值:
mydict = { "name": "Peter", "address": "Lowstreet 27" } x = mycol.insert_one(mydict) print(x.inserted_id)
如果您没有指定 _id
字段,那么 MongoDB 将为您添加一个,并为每个文档分配一个唯一的 ID。
在上例中,没有指定 _id
字段,因此 MongoDB 为记录(文档)分配了唯一的 _id。
插入多个文档
要将多个文档插入 MongoDB 中的集合,我们使用 insert_many()
方法。
insert_many()
方法的第一个参数是包含字典的列表,其中包含要插入的数据:
实例
import pymongo myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/") mydb = myclient["mydatabase"] mycol = mydb["customers"] mylist = [ { "name": "Amy", "address": "Apple st 652"}, { "name": "Hannah", "address": "Mountain 21"}, { "name": "Michael", "address": "Valley 345"}, { "name": "Sandy", "address": "Ocean blvd 2"}, { "name": "Betty", "address": "Green Grass 1"}, { "name": "Richard", "address": "Sky st 331"}, { "name": "Susan", "address": "One way 98"}, { "name": "Vicky", "address": "Yellow Garden 2"}, { "name": "Ben", "address": "Park Lane 38"}, { "name": "William", "address": "Central st 954"}, { "name": "Chuck", "address": "Main Road 989"}, { "name": "Viola", "address": "Sideway 1633"} ] x = mycol.insert_many(mylist) # 打印被插入文档的 _id 值列表: print(x.inserted_ids)
insert_many()
方法返回 InsertManyResult 对象,该对象拥有属性 inserted_ids
,用于保存被插入文档的 id。
插入带有指定 ID 的多个文档
如果您不希望 MongoDB 为您的文档分配唯一 id,则可以在插入文档时指定 _id 字段。
请记住,值必须是唯一的。两个文件不能有相同的 _id。
实例
import pymongo myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/") mydb = myclient["mydatabase"] mycol = mydb["customers"] mylist = [ { "_id": 1, "name": "John", "address": "Highway 37"}, { "_id": 2, "name": "Peter", "address": "Lowstreet 27"}, { "_id": 3, "name": "Amy", "address": "Apple st 652"}, { "_id": 4, "name": "Hannah", "address": "Mountain 21"}, { "_id": 5, "name": "Michael", "address": "Valley 345"}, { "_id": 6, "name": "Sandy", "address": "Ocean blvd 2"}, { "_id": 7, "name": "Betty", "address": "Green Grass 1"}, { "_id": 8, "name": "Richard", "address": "Sky st 331"}, { "_id": 9, "name": "Susan", "address": "One way 98"}, { "_id": 10, "name": "Vicky", "address": "Yellow Garden 2"}, { "_id": 11, "name": "Ben", "address": "Park Lane 38"}, { "_id": 12, "name": "William", "address": "Central st 954"}, { "_id": 13, "name": "Chuck", "address": "Main Road 989"}, { "_id": 14, "name": "Viola", "address": "Sideway 1633"} ] x = mycol.insert_many(mylist) # 打印被插入文档的 _id 值列表: print(x.inserted_ids)