SpringBoot cache 缓存

作者Gitee地址 https://gitee.com/thciweicloud
作者项目 面包博客，一个微服务架构的前后端分离博客系统。

SpringBoot cache 缓存

-开启服务 redis-server --service-start

创建项目选择web、I\O中的 cache、SpringSecurity、redis

• User

@Data
public class User implements Serializable{
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String address;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }  
    
}

• UserService

package com.thciwei.demo;

import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "c1")
    public User getUserById(Integer id){
        System.out.println("getUserById>>>"+id);
        User user=new User();
        user.setId(id);
        return user;
    }
}

• 将 redis 中数据清除 FLUSHALL

• 使用测试类测试

package com.thciwei.demo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;

@SpringBootTest
@EnableCaching
class DemoApplicationTests {

   @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
   @Test
    public void get(){
       User u1=userService.getUserById(1);
       User u2=userService.getUserById(1);
       System.out.println(u1);
       System.out.println(u2);
   }

}

• 开启 cache

实体类实现序列化implements Serializable，启动类加@EnableCaching，方法上加 @Cacheable(cacheNames = “xx”)

• 结果

getUserById>>>1
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}
//getUserById>>>1因为有了缓存只出现一次，redis已存入c1::1

• 修改方法，又会调用两次

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "c1")
    public User getUserById(Integer id,String name){
        System.out.println("getUserById>>>"+id);
        User user=new User();
        user.setId(id);
        return user;
    }
}
@Test
 public void get(){
    User u1=userService.getUserById(1,"aa");
    User u2=userService.getUserById(1,"bb");
    System.out.println(u1);
    System.out.println(u2);
}
/* getUserById>>>1
getUserById>>>1
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}
*/

• @Cacheable属性，key指定缓存的判断，选择方法本身的参数是最好的方式，key为id，判断缓存时不受name影响

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "c1",key = "#id")
    public User getUserById(Integer id,String name){
        System.out.println("getUserById>>>"+id);
        User user=new User();
        user.setId(id);
        return user;
    }
}
/*
getUserById>>>1
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}
*/

• 数据删除后对应的缓存也删除掉 @CacheEvict

@CacheEvict(cacheNames = "c1")
public void deleteUserById(Integer id){
    System.out.println("deleteUserById>>"+id);
}

   @Test
public void get(){
       User u1=userService.getUserById(1);
       userService.deleteUserById(1);
       User u2=userService.getUserById(1);
       System.out.println(u1);
       System.out.println(u2);
   }

展示结果

getUserById>>>1
deleteUserById>>1
getUserById>>>1
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}

• 更新数据

@CachePut(cacheNames = "c1",key = "#user.id")
public User updateUserById(User user) {
    return user;
}

@Test
   public void get2(){
       System.out.println(userService.getUserById(1));
       User user=new User();
       user.setId(1);
       user.setUsername("thciwei");
       user.setAddress("科技");
       userService.updateUserById(user);
       User u2=userService.getUserById(1);
       System.out.println(u2);
   }

getUserById>>>1
User{id=1, username='null', address='null'}
User{id=1, username='thciwei', address='科技'}

如何简化cacheName的书写呢？@CacheConfig(cacheNames = “c1”

@Service
@CacheConfig(cacheNames = "c1")
public class UserService {
    @Cacheable(key = "#id")
    public User getUserById(Integer id) {
        System.out.println("getUserById>>>" + id);
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(id);
        return user;
    }

    @CacheEvict
    public void deleteUserById(Integer id) {
        System.out.println("deleteUserById>>" + id);
    }

    @CachePut(key = "#user.id")
    public User updateUserById(User user) {
        return user;
    }
}

• 总结

cache这些注解只是规范，没有任何实现，所有实现都是 redis 去做，就跟 JDBC一样，置换掉redis，代码一行不需要改变