linux C —— 文件操作函数

chmod

int chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode)
将文件read的文件权限变成所有者有读写权限，其他用户只有读的权限。这和shell指令中的chmod有相同的功效。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h> /* for chmod */
#include <sys/types.h> /* for chmod */

int main(){
    system("touch read; ls -l |grep read");
    chmod("./read",S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH);
    system("ls -l |grep read");
    return 0;
}

umask

mode_t umask(mode_t mask)
先不讨论掩码，
创建文件默认最大权限为666 （-rw-rw-rw-），默认创建的文件没有可执行权限x位。
创建目录默认最大权限777（-rwx-rwx-rwx）,默认创建的目录属主是有x权限。
linux系统每一个新建的文件都被赋予某种默认的权限，这由权限掩码设置函数umask决定。umask()h函数还将返回上一个mask
umask()会将系统umask值设成参数mask&0777后的值，然后将先前的umask值返回.

$ cat file.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

int main(){
    mode_t mask = 0755;
    mode_t oldmod = umask(mask);
    printf("old mask is 0%o\n",oldmod);
    printf("new mask is 0%o\n",umask(mask));
    return 0;
}

$ ./file
old mask is 02
new mask is 0755

$ cat file1.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

int main(){
    system("touch f1; ls f1 -l");
    mode_t mask = 0123;
    umask(mask);
    system("touch f2; ls f2 -l");
    return 0;
}
$ ./file1
-rw-rw-r--. 1 edemon edemon 0 Nov 20 23:06 f1
-rw-r--r--. 1 edemon edemon 0 Nov 20 23:06 f2

分析： 文件默认的权限是val1= 0666，默认的mask是val2 = 02，两者进行运算：
0666&~0002 = 0666&0775 = 0664
第二次，mask是0123
0666&~0123 = 0666&0654 = 0644

stat

int stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
stat()用来将参数file_name所指的文件状态，复制到参数buf所指的结构中
关于结构体 stat：

[edemon@CentOS include]$ sed -n '39,94p' bits/stat.h
struct stat
  {
    __dev_t st_dev;         /* Device.  */
    unsigned short int __pad1;
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
    __ino_t st_ino;         /* File serial number.  */
#else
    __ino_t __st_ino;           /* 32bit file serial number.    */
#endif
    __mode_t st_mode;           /* File mode.  */
    __nlink_t st_nlink;         /* Link count.  */
    __uid_t st_uid;         /* User ID of the file's owner. */
    __gid_t st_gid;         /* Group ID of the file's group.*/
    __dev_t st_rdev;            /* Device number, if device.  */
    unsigned short int __pad2;
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
    __off_t st_size;            /* Size of file, in bytes.  */
#else
    __off64_t st_size;          /* Size of file, in bytes.  */
#endif
    __blksize_t st_blksize;     /* Optimal block size for I/O.  */

#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
    __blkcnt_t st_blocks;       /* Number 512-byte blocks allocated. */
#else
    __blkcnt64_t st_blocks;     /* Number 512-byte blocks allocated. */
#endif
#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
    /* Nanosecond resolution timestamps are stored in a format
       equivalent to 'struct timespec'.  This is the type used
       whenever possible but the Unix namespace rules do not allow the
       identifier 'timespec' to appear in the <sys/stat.h> header.
       Therefore we have to handle the use of this header in strictly
       standard-compliant sources special.  */
    struct timespec st_atim;        /* Time of last access.  */
    struct timespec st_mtim;        /* Time of last modification.  */
    struct timespec st_ctim;        /* Time of last status change.  */
# define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec    /* Backward compatibility.  */
# define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
# define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
#else
    __time_t st_atime;          /* Time of last access.  */
    unsigned long int st_atimensec; /* Nscecs of last access.  */
    __time_t st_mtime;          /* Time of last modification.  */
    unsigned long int st_mtimensec; /* Nsecs of last modification.  */
    __time_t st_ctime;          /* Time of last status change.  */
    unsigned long int st_ctimensec; /* Nsecs of last status change.  */
#endif
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
    unsigned long int __unused4;
    unsigned long int __unused5;
#else
    __ino64_t st_ino;           /* File serial number.  */
#endif
  };<