关于基类与派生类之间对象、指针等转化关系的小结

先上一段代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//没有使用虚函数的继承派生关系
class Base
{
public:
	Base(int i = 0):ival(i){}
	void getVal()
	{
		cout<<ival<<endl;
	}
private:
	int ival;
};

class Derived:public Base
{
public:
	Derived(int i = 0, int j = 1):Base(i),ival(j){}
	void getVal()
	{
		cout<<ival<<endl;
	}
private:
	int ival;
};

//使用了虚函数的继承派生关系
class Base1
{
public:
	Base1(int i = 0):ival(i){}
	virtual void getVal()
	{
		cout<<ival<<endl;
	}
private:
	int ival;
};

class Derived1:public Base1
{
public:
	Derived1(int i = 0, int j = 1):Base1(i),ival(j){}
	void getVal()
	{
		cout<<ival<<endl;
	}
private:
	int ival;
};


void useBaseObj(Base b)
{
	b.getVal();
}

void useDerivedObj(Derived d)
{
	d.getVal();
}

void useBasePtr(Base *pb)
{
	pb->getVal();
}

void useDerivedPtr(Derived *pd)
{
	pd->getVal();
}

void useBase1Obj(Base1 b)
{
	b.getVal();
}

void