OC字符串和数组基本操作

字符串
    //<1>把字符串中每个字符转成字符串存在数组中
	//id也可写成NSArray
	id buf[string.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
        buf[i] = [string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)];
    }
	//或者
	NSMutableArray * buf=[[NSMutableArray alloc]init] ;
    for (int i = 0; i < String.length; i++) {
        [buf addObject:[String substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)]];
    }
	//<2.0>字符串逆序（无分隔）
	-(NSString *)reverseWordsInString:(NSString *)str
	{
    	id buf[str.length];
    	for (int i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
        	buf[i] = [str substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)];
    	}
    	NSMutableString * mstr = [[NSMutableString alloc]init];
    	for (int i = (int)str.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
        	[mstr appendString:buf[i]];
    	}
    	return mstr;
	}
	//<2.1>字符串逆序（self是个字符串，2.1 2.2这两个方法一开始是写在NSMutableString的分类里）
	-(void) reverse
	{
  	  for (int i = 0; i < [self length] - 1; i++) {
  	      NSRange range = {[self length]-1, 1};
  	      [self insertString:[self substringWithRange:range] atIndex:i];
 	       NSRange range1 = {[self length]-1, 1};
  	      [self deleteCharactersInRange:range1];
 	   }
	}
	//<2.2>字符串逆序（无分隔）
	-(void) reverse1
	{
  	  	NSMutableString * str = [[NSMutableString alloc]init];
  	  	for (int i = 0; i < [self length]; i++) {
  	  	    unichar c = [self characterAtIndex:i];
   	    	[str insertString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%C", c] atIndex:0];
   	 	}
    	[self setString:str];
	}
	//<3.0>字符串中单词个数
	int i = [[str componentsSeparatedByString:@" "] count];
	//<3.1>字符串中某个单词的个数
	NSInteger n = [str1 componentsSeparatedByString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@_",array[i]]].count;//用所求单词取分割原字符串
	//把原字符串按空格分割后的结果存在array中，i是循环控制变量
	//单词后要加上分隔符，以防一个单词里面有另一个单词的情况（afternoon包含noon），原字符串最后如果没有分隔符的话也要添上一个，否则最后一个单词无法判断

数组
	//<1.0>排序前
	NSArray *arr = @[[NSNumber numberWithInt:10],[NSNumber numberWithInt:1],[NSNumber numberWithInt:3],[NSNumber numberWithInt:12],[NSNumber numberWithInt:22],[NSNumber numberWithInt:5],[NSNumber numberWithInt:33]];
    NSMutableArray *oldArr = [[NSMutableArray alloc]initWithArray:arr];
    NSLog(@"排序前:%@",oldArr);
	//<1.1>冒泡排序
    - (void)sort:(NSMutableArray *)arr
    {
	    for (int i = 0; i < arr.count; i++) {
         	for (int j = 0; j < arr.count - i - 1;j++) {
          	   if ([arr[j+1] integerValue] < [arr[j] integerValue]) {
          	       int temp = [arr[j] integerValue];
          	       arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
          	       arr[j + 1] = [NSNumber numberWithInt:temp];
          	   }
        	 }  
    	 }  
    	 NSLog(@"冒泡排序后：%@",arr);  
	 }
	//<1.2>选择排序
    - (void)sort:(NSMutableArray *)arr
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.count; i ++) {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.count; j ++) {
                if ([arr[i] integerValue] > [arr[j] integerValue]) {
                    int temp = [arr[i] integerValue];
                    arr[i] = arr[j];
                    arr[j] = [NSNumber numberWithInt:temp];
                }
            }  
        }  
        
        NSLog(@"选择排序后：%@",arr);  
    }
	//<1.3>快速排序
    - (void)quickSort:(NSMutableArray *)arr leftIndex:(int)left rightIndex:(int)right
    {
        if (left < right) {
            int temp = [self getMiddleIndex:arr leftIndex:left rightIndex:right];
            [self quickSort:arr leftIndex:left rightIndex:temp - 1];
            [self quickSort:arr leftIndex:temp + 1 rightIndex:right];
        }
    }
    
    - (int)getMiddleIndex:(NSMutableArray *)arr leftIndex:(int)left rightIndex:(int)right
    {
        int tempValue = [arr[left] integerValue];
        while (left < right) {
            while (left < right && tempValue <= [arr[right] integerValue]) {
                right --;
            }
            if (left < right) {
                arr[left] = arr[right];
            }
            
            while (left < right && [arr[left] integerValue] <= tempValue) {
                left ++;
            }
            if (left < right) {  
                arr[right] = arr[left];  
            }  
        }  
        arr[left] = [NSNumber numberWithInt:tempValue];  
        return left;  
    }  
	//<1.4>插入排序
    - (void)sort:(NSMutableArray *)arr
    {
        for (int i = 1; i < arr.count; i ++) {
            int temp = [arr[i] integerValue];
            
            for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0 && temp < [arr[j] integerValue]; j --) {
                arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
                arr[j] = [NSNumber numberWithInt:temp];
            }
            
            
        }  
        NSLog(@"插入排序后：%@",arr);  
    }
	//<2>去重。（str是个由_分隔的字符串，array1中存储的是str中出现过的单词，无重复）
	NSArray * array = [str componentsSeparatedByString:@"_"];
    NSMutableArray * array1 = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
    for (int i = 0; i < [array count]; i++) {
        if (![array1 containsObject:array[i]]) {
            [array1 addObject:array[i]];
        }
    }