基于注解的spring3.0.x MVC学习笔记(一)

   首先我们了解一下Spring+Mvc实现的原理，如下面图所示，我们有一个前端控制器

1：下载Spring3.0，然后把需要的包导入。所有依赖包都放下WEB-INF/lib下面

2：Eclipse新建Dynamic Web Project工程

3：WEB-INF/web.xml是web.xml文件配置，param-value是Spring配置文件的路径，servlet是前端控制器。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app   
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"   
    xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"  
    id="WebApp_ID"   
    version="3.0">  
    <context-param>  
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <!-- 应用上下文配置文件 -->  
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>  
    </context-param>  
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  
    <!-- 配置spring核心servlet -->  
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>  
    <!-- url-pattern配置为/，不带文件后缀，会造成其它静态文件(js，css等)不能访问。如配为*.do，则不影响静态文件的访问 -->  
    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>  
</web-app>  

4：WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml是spring文件配置，主要看看InternalResourceViewResolver，这是视图解析器，决定把控制器返回的地址解析到哪个视图上面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd" >
    
    <!-- 启动注解驱动的Spring MVC功能，注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射 -->  
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- 启动包扫描功能，以便注册带有@Controller、@Service、@repository、@Component等注解的类成为spring的bean -->  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mvc.rest" />  
    <!-- 如果当前请求为“/”时，则转发到“/helloworld/index” -->
    <!-- <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="forward:/helloworld/index"/>  -->
    <!-- 静态资源映射 -->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/js/" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/css/" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/WEB-INF/fonts/" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="/plugins/**" location="/WEB-INF/plugins/" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="images/**" location="/WEB-INF/images/" />
    <!-- 当上面要访问的静态资源不包括在上面的配置中时，则根据此配置来访问 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 开启Controller注解支持，并配置只扫描指定包下面的Controller-->
    <!-- use-default-filters="false" 只扫描指定的注解 -->
<!--     <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.web.controllers" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
       -->
    <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析，在请求时模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
       <property name="contentType" value="text/html"/>        
       <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"/>
       <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

5：com.mvc.rest.RestConstroller.java控制器Controller代码如下，其中处理器映射是通过Spring实现的，这里只要RequestMapping配置了，就能实现映射

package com.mvc.rest;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller  
public class RestConstroller {  
    public RestConstroller() {}  
    //RequestMapping这里类似处理器映射，访问地址 http://localhost:8080/SpringMvc/login
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public String myMethod(){ 
    	//返回地址会寻找 WEB-INF/view/login/hello.jsp
        return "/login/hello";  
    }
}  

6：WEB-INF/view/login/hello.jsp视图编写

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<%  
String path = request.getContextPath();  
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";  
%>  
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  
<html>  
<head>  
<base href="<%=basePath%>">  
<title>My JSP 'hello.jsp' starting page</title>  
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">  
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">  
</head>  
<body>  
    你好
</body>  
</html>  

7：这样子就可以在tomcat上面起服务，然后访问http://localhost:8080/工程名/login

8：工程截图如下：