练习47

/**************************************************************************************

  47. 某些密码由 N 个英文字母组成(N〈26), 每个字母的平均使用率为:W1,W2,...
 ,Wn, 要求编程完成下列任务：
    ① 键入英文字母及个数；
    ② 键入Ｎ个英文字母的使用频率；
    ③ 用二进制数对该Ｎ个英文字母进行编码（最短，无二义性）；
    ④ 键入字母短文（单词用空格区分），输出相应编码；
    ⑤ 键入二进制编码短文，输出译文。

  ***********************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <malloc.h> 
#include <cstdlib>

typedef struct
{
    int weight;
    int parent;
    int lchild;
    int rchild;
} HuffNode;

int N; //英文字母的个数 
char *letters; //保存英文字母数组的指针 
HuffNode *huffnodes;

void CreateHuffTree()
{
    int i,j;
    int min1, min2;
    FILE *fp;

    fp = fopen("letters.txt","r");
	if(fp==NULL)
		exit(-1);
    printf("请输入英文字母的个数N(N<=26):");
    fscanf(fp,";%d",&N);
    printf("%d\n",N);
    letters = (char*)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
    huffnodes = (HuffNode*)malloc((2*N-1)*sizeof(HuffNode));
    printf("请输入%d个英文字母:\n",N);
    for(i=0; i<N; i++)
    {
        fscanf(fp, ";%c", &letters[i]);
        printf("%c ",letters[i]);
    }
    printf("\n请输入上述字母对应的平均使用频率:\n");
    for(i=0; i<N; i++)
    {
        fscanf(fp, ";%d", &huffnodes[i].weight);
        huffnodes[i].parent = -1;
        huffnodes[i].lchild = -1;
        huffnodes[i].rchild = -1;
        printf("%d ",huffnodes[i].weight);
    }
    printf("\n");
    fclose(fp);

    for(i=N; i<2*N-1; i++)
    {
        j=i-1;
        //找到第一个树根 
        while(huffnodes[j].parent != -1) j--;
        min1 = j--;
        //找到第二个树根 
        while(huffnodes[j].parent != -1) j--;
        min2 = j--;
        //交换,使min1最小,min2次小 
        if(huffnodes[min1].weight > huffnodes[min2].weight)
        {
            int tmp;
            tmp = min1;
            min1 = min2;
            min2 = tmp;
        }
        for(; j>=0; j--)
        {
            if(huffnodes[j].parent == -1)
            {
                if(huffnodes[j].weight < huffnodes[min1].weight)
                {
                    min2 = min1;
                    min1 = j;       
                }
                else if(huffnodes[j].weight < huffnodes[min2].weight)
                    min2 = j;
            }
        }
        huffnodes[i].weight = huffnodes[min1].weight + huffnodes[min2].weight;
        huffnodes[i].lchild = min1;
        huffnodes[i].rchild = min2;
        huffnodes[i].parent = -1;
        huffnodes[min1].parent = i;
        huffnodes[min2].parent = i;
    }
}

void DestroyHuffTree()
{
    if(letters)
        free(letters);
    if(huffnodes)
        free(huffnodes);
}

void EncodeLetters()
{
    int i,j,k,t;
    char *code;
    char tmp;

    printf("\n----字母编码----\n");
    code = (char*)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
    for(t=0; t<N; t++)
    {
        j = i = t; k = 0;
        while(huffnodes[j].parent != -1)
        {
            j = huffnodes[j].parent;
            if(huffnodes[j].lchild == i)
                code[k++] = '0';
            else code[k++] = '1';
            i = j;
        }
        code[k] = '\0';//结束符 
        for(i=0; i<k/2; i++)//头尾置换 
        {
            tmp = code[i];
            code[i] = code[k-i-1];
            code[k-i-1] = tmp;
        }
        printf("%c : %s\n",letters[t],code);
    }

    free(code);
}

void Encode(char* lets)
{
    int i,j,k,t;
    char *code;
    char tmp;
    FILE* fp;

    fp = fopen("encode.txt","w");
    code = (char*)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
    
    for(t = 0; lets[t] != '\0'; t++)
    {
        for(i=0; i<N; i++)
        {
            if(letters[i] == lets[t])
                break;
        }
        j = i; k = 0;
        while(huffnodes[j].parent != -1)
        {
            j = huffnodes[j].parent;
            if(huffnodes[j].lchild == i)
                code[k++] = '0';
            else code[k++] = '1';
            i = j;
        }
        code[k] = '\0';//结束符 
        for(i=0; i<k/2; i++)//头尾置换 
        {
            tmp = code[i];
            code[i] = code[k-i-1];
            code[k-i-1] = tmp;
        }
        fprintf(fp,code);
    }
    free(code);
    fclose(fp);
}

void Decode()
{
    char ch;
    FILE *ifp,*ofp;
    int i,j,flag;

    ifp = fopen("encode.txt","r");
    if(!ifp)
    {
        printf("fail to read the encode.txt!\n");
        return;
    }
    ofp = fopen("decode.txt","w");

    do
    {
        i = 2*N-1-1;
        while(huffnodes[i].lchild != -1 && huffnodes[i].rchild != -1)
        {
            flag = fscanf(ifp,"%c",&ch);
            if(flag == EOF)
                break;
            if(ch == '0')
                j = huffnodes[i].lchild;
            else j = huffnodes[i].rchild;
            i = j;
        }
        //写入Decode 
        fprintf(ofp,"%c",letters[i]);
    }while(flag != EOF);

    fclose(ifp);
    fclose(ofp);
}

void Encode_1(char *lets)
{
    int i,j,k,t;
    char *code;
    char tmp;

    code = (char*)malloc(N*sizeof(char));
    
    for(t = 0; lets[t] != '\0'; t++)
    {
        for(i=0; i<N; i++)
        {
            if(letters[i] == lets[t])
                break;
        }
        j = i; k = 0;
        while(huffnodes[j].parent != -1)
        {
            j = huffnodes[j].parent;
            if(huffnodes[j].lchild == i)
                code[k++] = '0';
            else code[k++] = '1';
            i = j;
        }
        code[k] = '\0';//结束符 
        for(i=0; i<k/2; i++)//头尾置换 
        {
            tmp = code[i];
            code[i] = code[k-i-1];
            code[k-i-1] = tmp;
        }
        printf(code);
    }
    free(code);
    printf("\n");
}

void Decode_1(char *codes)
{
    int i,j,k=0;
    int ch;
    do
    {
        i = 2*N-1-1;
        while(huffnodes[i].lchild != -1 && huffnodes[i].rchild != -1)
        {
            ch = codes[k++];
            if(ch == '\0')
                break;
            if(ch == '0')
                j = huffnodes[i].lchild;
            else j = huffnodes[i].rchild;
            i = j;
        }
        //写入Decode 
        printf("%c",letters[i]);
    }while(ch != '\0');
    printf("\n");
}

void PrintNodes()
{
    int i;
    printf("\n----huffmantree----\n");
    for(i=0; i<2*N-1; i++)
    {
        printf("%4d",huffnodes[i].weight);
        printf("%4d",huffnodes[i].parent);
        printf("%4d",huffnodes[i].lchild);
        printf("%4d\n\n",huffnodes[i].rchild);
    }
}

void main()
{
    int isel;
    char lets[100];
    char codes[100];
    CreateHuffTree();
//  PrintNodes(); 
    EncodeLetters();
    printf("\n请选择一个操作: 1-编码, 2-译码\n");
    scanf("%d",&isel);
    switch(isel)
    {
    case 1:
        printf("请输入字母短文:\n");
        scanf("%s",lets);
        printf("编码为:\n");
        Encode_1(lets);
        break;
    case 2:
        printf("请输入二进制编码短文:\n");
        scanf("%s",codes);
        printf("译码为:\n");
        Decode_1(codes);
        break;
    }
    DestroyHuffTree();
}