以太坊geth部署

 

1 主机设备

IP	HOSTNAME	USERNAME
172.16.xx.170	tuijian007	tuijian
172.16.xx.153	tuijian005	tuijian
172.16.xx.154	tuijian006	tuijian

 

目录说明：

/data01/recom/go ：go语言安装目录

/data01/recom/go-ethereum-1.8.12 ：go-ethereum-1.8.12安装目录(修改源码重新编译过的)

/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/geth ：geth私有链数据保存目录

/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/keystore ：geth私有链账户保存目录

/data01/recom/geth/scripts：初始化、启动geth脚本

 

2 golang安装

2.1 下载软件包

下载go语言安装包，版本1.4及以上

https://www.golangtc.com/download

2.2 解压安装

tar -xzf go1.9.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.3 配置环境变量

export GOROOT=/data01/recom/go

export PATH=$PATH:/data01/recom/go/bin

2.4 检查Go 

通过命令go version查看GO语言版本，以确定是否安装成功

[tuijian@tuijian005 ~]$ go version

go version go1.9.2 linux/amd64

 

在所有节点上按照2.2-2.4步骤部署go lang。

3 go-ethereum安装

3.1 下载软件包

下载go-ethereum 1.8.12软件包，下载地址：

https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tree/v1.8.12

3.2 解压软件

unzip go-ethereum-1.8.12.zip

3.3  make 编译

前提：yum -y install gcc* make

make编译go-ethereum-1.8.12：

[root@tuijian005 go-ethereum-1.8.12]# make

build/env.sh go run build/ci.go install ./cmd/geth

>>> /data01/recom/go/bin/go install -v ./cmd/geth

Done building.

Run "/data01/recom/go-ethereum-1.8.12/build/bin/geth" to launch geth.

3.4 配置环境变量

export PATH=$PATH:/data01/recom/go-ethereum-master/build/bin

3.5 检查go-ethereum

通过命令geth version查看geth版本，以确定是否安装成功

[root@tuijian005 go-ethereum-1.8.12]# geth version

Geth

Version: 1.8.12-stable

Architecture: amd64

Protocol Versions: [63 62]

Network Id: 1

Go Version: go1.9.2

Operating System: linux

GOPATH=

GOROOT=/data01/recom/go

将3.3编译后的geth目录下所有文件同步到其他节点，在所有节点上按照3.4步骤配置geth环境变量。

 

4 创建私链

在数据磁盘上新建/data01/recom/geth目录和/data01/recom/geth/ykchain，用于保存genesis.json和私有链的相关信息，目录结构如下：

 

4.1 创建私有账户

创建两个预制账户，分别预设1000万ether，过程如下：

geth --datadir /data01/recom/geth/ykchain account new

 

账户一：ykc~private&acc^01*

Address: {edfaca73af1810b80834404f493e5bea07fe1a0c}

账户二：ykc~private&acc^02*

Address: {d1e4f1f52eb5a1062ea2e726eb499914b398c1b3}

备注：使用账户地址时，在如上Address前增加”0x”

4.2 初始化创世块

4.2.1 新建genesis.json

新建创世区块文件：genesis.json，保存于geth目录下，内容如下：

{

  "config": {

        "chainId": 314591,

        "homesteadBlock": 0,

        "eip155Block": 0,

        "eip158Block": 0

    },

  "coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",

  "difficulty" : "0x20000",

  "extraData"  : "",

  "gasLimit"   : "0xffffffff",

  "nonce"      : "0x0000000000000042",

  "mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",

  "parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",

  "timestamp"  : "0x00",

  "alloc"      : {

                  "0xedfaca73af1810b80834404f493e5bea07fe1a0c":{"balance":"10000000000000000000000000"},

                  "0xd1e4f1f52eb5a1062ea2e726eb499914b398c1b3":{"balance":"10000000000000000000000000"}

                 }

}

 

参数说明：

l config：区块链相关的基本配置参数。chainId是链编号，用于指定链 的 id（chainId，也被称为 network id），此处我们指定为 314591；alloc中为以太坊账户信息，可以留空，也可以预先配置好以太坊账户及其余额，这里账户余额以wei为单位，格式举例： "0x<#某账户地址#>":{“balance”:”1000000000000000000”}。

l nonce：一个 64 位随机数，用于挖矿，其设置需要满足以太坊的黄皮书（[2]）的要求

l mixhash：与 nonce 配合用于挖矿，由上一个区块的一部分生成的 hash，其设置同样需 要满足以太坊的黄皮书的要求

l difficulty：设置当前区块的难度，如果难度过大，CPU 挖矿就很难，这里设置较小难度0x800

l coinbase：矿工的账号，此处可随便填

l timestamp：设置创世块的时间戳

l parentHash：上一个区块的 hash 值，因为是创世块，所以这个值是 0

l extraData：额外信息，这里留空。

l gasLimit：该值设置对 GAS 的消耗总量限制，用来限制区块能包含的交易信息总和，因为我们是私有链，所以填最大。

4.2.2 初始化配置

通过命令 geth init /data01/recom/geth/genesis.json --datadir /data01/recom/geth/ykchain 初始化配置

 

[tuijian@tuijian005 geth]$ geth init /data01/recom/geth/genesis.json --datadir /data01/recom/geth/ykchain

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.126] Maximum peer count                       ETH=25 LES=0 total=25

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.127] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.168] Writing custom genesis block

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.168] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=0 size=0.00B time=29.298µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.169] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=chaindata                                 hash=56c5b5…1fdf50

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.169] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.188] Writing custom genesis block

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.188] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=0 size=0.00B time=4.292µs  gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B

INFO [08-03|09:45:14.188] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=lightchaindata                                 hash=56c5b5…1fdf50

 

在所有节点上执行4.1.1和4.1.2步骤，对创世区块进行初始化

4.3 启动私有链

nohup geth --identity "YKChain" --datadir "/data01/recom/geth/ykchain" --rpc --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" --rpcport "8545" --rpcapi eth,net,web3,personal,admin,txpool,shh,debug,miner --nodiscover --networkid 314591 --port 8920 > nohup.out &

 

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.217] Maximum peer count                       ETH=25 LES=0 total=25

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.219] Starting peer-to-peer node               instance=Geth/v1.8.12-stable/linux-amd64/go1.9.2

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.219] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/geth/chaindata cache=768 handles=1024

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.286] Initialised chain configuration          config="{ChainID: 314591 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: <nil> EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: <nil> Constantinople: <nil> Engine: unknown}"

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.286] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches   dir=/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/geth/ethash count=3

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.286] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs     dir=/home/tuijian/.ethash                  count=2

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.286] Initialising Ethereum protocol           versions="[63 62]" network=314591

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.288] Loaded most recent local header          number=0 hash=56c5b5…1fdf50 td=2048

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.288] Loaded most recent local full block      number=0 hash=56c5b5…1fdf50 td=2048

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.288] Loaded most recent local fast block      number=0 hash=56c5b5…1fdf50 td=2048

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.288] Regenerated local transaction journal    transactions=0 accounts=0

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.289] Starting P2P networking

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.290] RLPx listener up                         self="enode://56663fab865ec16be3b91e6162ffca389e285bdce6c2dcd809c84af256b4b29062d0541d09cb8b040c144bacb5765b10ca2739eae567870443c10fce1c8ea494@[::]:8920?discport=0"

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.296] IPC endpoint opened                      url=/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/geth.ipc

INFO [08-03|09:46:02.296] HTTP endpoint opened                     url=http://0.0.0.0:8545                 cors= vhosts=localhost

在所有节点上执行4.2步骤，启动私有链，但是需保证所有节点的rpcport和port不同，其他信息相同，特别是networkid。

 

4.4 启动console

因为采用了nohup后台运行的方式启动geth，所以通过attach启动console，命令如下：

geth --datadir '/data01/recom/geth/ykchain' attach ipc:/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/geth.ipc

[tuijian@tuijian005 geth]$ geth --datadir '/data01/recom/geth/ykchain' attach ipc:/data01/recom/geth/ykchain/geth.ipc

Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.8.12-stable/linux-amd64/go1.9.2

 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

 

查看节点信息：admin.nodeInfo

查看节点个数：net.peerCount

查看节点列表：admin.peers

 

4.5 创建账户

查看帐户：web3.eth.accounts

新建账号：web3.personal.newAccount("密码")

153："ykcnode1*8920*"："0x69a3f9b55918b1cdac88159f7b4175b255db784a"

154："ykcnode2*8920*"："0x6c22cd4f5030027226a347dd15a4b457cff1e0a9"

170："ykcnode3*8920*"："0x51a9ed7b62d99e7b34a78c30624b1e126f15d4af"

 

开始挖矿：miner.start()，通过miner.start(1)指定线程数，默认4

停止挖矿：miner.stop()

 

4.6 加入其他节点

4.6.1 静态加入其他节点

本次操作以153为基础节点，加入154和170两个节点。如果这两个节点，我们需要一直和它保持链接，那么你可以把那个节点配置成你的静态节点。

n 配置方法

n 在geth数据目录下创建static-nodes.json ，目录结构：<datadir>/static-nodes.json，把节点信息写入这个文件，格式如下：

      ["enode://pubkey@ip:port","enode://pubkey@ip:port"]

n 本例中配置为：

["enode://8f6378c1a8a33cb86107cc2fbb9295b7adae1ec171ab54b85f8f025b606a3340d571a730b8ef1039dbff9b1b5a609b5deaaef3f7b165ab4c2e995c674c783417@172.16.38.154:8921, "enode://e336854a8da497f03ee1d8579dc83dd05959cbc03c3c50be7d7a3bcd3691f3c9113707425af1662ae0eddb75e2945b2c4a8a5dd45ebcbf07ebcb05293b5de425@172.16.38.170:8922"]

4.6.2 动态加入其他节点

通过admin.addPeer命令加入其他节点，本次操作以153为基础节点，加入154和170两个节点，过程如下：

4.6.2.1 获取加入节点的enode

分别在154和170节点geth终端执行admin.nodeInfo.enode，获取各自enode信息。

获取154节点enode：

> admin.nodeInfo.enode

"enode://8f6378c1a8a33cb86107cc2fbb9295b7adae1ec171ab54b85f8f025b606a3340d571a730b8ef1039dbff9b1b5a609b5deaaef3f7b165ab4c2e995c674c783417@[::]:8921?discport=0"

>

获取170节点enode：

> admin.nodeInfo.enode

"enode://e336854a8da497f03ee1d8579dc83dd05959cbc03c3c50be7d7a3bcd3691f3c9113707425af1662ae0eddb75e2945b2c4a8a5dd45ebcbf07ebcb05293b5de425@[::]:8922?discport=0"

>

保留红色字体部分，并将[::]替换成节点自身的网络ip，最终结果如下：

154节点enode结果：

"enode://8f6378c1a8a33cb86107cc2fbb9295b7adae1ec171ab54b85f8f025b606a3340d571a730b8ef1039dbff9b1b5a609b5deaaef3f7b165ab4c2e995c674c783417@172.16.38.154:8921"

170节点enode结果：

"enode://e336854a8da497f03ee1d8579dc83dd05959cbc03c3c50be7d7a3bcd3691f3c9113707425af1662ae0eddb75e2945b2c4a8a5dd45ebcbf07ebcb05293b5de425@172.16.38.170:8922"

4.6.2.2 加入节点

在153节点geth终端中执行如下命令，分别加入154和170节点：

加入154节点：

> admin.addPeer("enode://8f6378c1a8a33cb86107cc2fbb9295b7adae1ec171ab54b85f8f025b606a3340d571a730b8ef1039dbff9b1b5a609b5deaaef3f7b165ab4c2e995c674c783417@172.16.38.154:8921")

true

>

>

加入170节点：

> admin.addPeer("enode://e336854a8da497f03ee1d8579dc83dd05959cbc03c3c50be7d7a3bcd3691f3c9113707425af1662ae0eddb75e2945b2c4a8a5dd45ebcbf07ebcb05293b5de425@172.16.38.170:8922")

true

>

>

4.6.2.3 查看验证节点加入是否成功

查看节点个数：net.peerCount

> net.peerCount

2

>

 

查看节点列表：admin.peers

>

> admin.peers

[{

    caps: ["eth/63"],

    id: "8f6378c1a8a33cb86107cc2fbb9295b7adae1ec171ab54b85f8f025b606a3340d571a730b8ef1039dbff9b1b5a609b5deaaef3f7b165ab4c2e995c674c783417",

    name: "Geth/v1.8.12-stable/linux-amd64/go1.9.2",

    network: {

      inbound: false,

      localAddress: "172.16.38.153:35617",

      remoteAddress: "172.16.38.154:8921",

      static: true,

      trusted: false

    },

    protocols: {

      eth: {

        difficulty: 2048,

        head: "0x56c5b55dd502c597854eb295e1166372649ec5b989c9d31d928883caf51fdf50",

        version: 63

      }

    }

}, {

    caps: ["eth/63"],

    id: "e336854a8da497f03ee1d8579dc83dd05959cbc03c3c50be7d7a3bcd3691f3c9113707425af1662ae0eddb75e2945b2c4a8a5dd45ebcbf07ebcb05293b5de425",

    name: "Geth/v1.8.12-stable/linux-amd64/go1.9.2",

    network: {

      inbound: false,

      localAddress: "172.16.38.153:53998",

      remoteAddress: "172.16.38.170:8922",

      static: true,

      trusted: false

    },

    protocols: {

      eth: {

        difficulty: 2048,

        head: "0x56c5b55dd502c597854eb295e1166372649ec5b989c9d31d928883caf51fdf50",

        version: 63

      }

    }

}]

>

 

5 修改源码

参考https://hackernoon.com/how-to-reduce-block-difficulty-in-ethereum-private-testnet-2ad505609e82?gi=1ca92726aa1f

 

修改go-ethereum-1.8.12/consensus/ethash目录下consensus.go文件中代码，将

return CalcDifficulty(chain.Config(), time, parent)

替换成

return big.NewInt(1)

 

参考：

https://hackernoon.com/how-to-reduce-block-difficulty-in-ethereum-private-testnet-2ad505609e82?gi=1ca92726aa1f

6 交易才挖矿

编写minebytrans.js，代码如下：

var mining_threads = 1

var txBlock = 0

 

function checkWork() {

if (eth.getBlock("pending").transactions.length > 0) {

    txBlock = eth.getBlock("pending").number

    if (eth.mining) return;

    console.log("  Transactions pending. Mining...");

    miner.start(mining_threads)

    while (eth.getBlock("latest").number < txBlock + 12) {

      if (eth.getBlock("pending").transactions.length > 0) txBlock = eth.getBlock("pending").number;

        }

    console.log("  12 confirmations achieved; mining stopped.");

    miner.stop()

}

else {

    miner.stop()

     }

}

 

eth.filter("latest", function(err, block) { checkWork(); });

eth.filter("pending", function(err, block) { checkWork(); });

 

checkWork();

 

启动以太坊私链时，通过js加载上述js文件，限制区块不间断挖矿

参考：

https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/3151/how-to-make-miner-to-mine-only-when-there-are-pending-transactions