Android am 指令的使用

何为am指令

Android自带的命令也有些linux本身没有，而android特有的。例如android的am命令，am命令常见使用方法如下： am [subcommand] [options]，即命令后面跟着一个子命令，因为是子命令而不是参数，所以不用加-，而后面的参数就需要加-，比如am start -a *，start在这里就是子命令，-a在这里就是参数。

直接去看下am的代码Am.java。每次在shell环境下执行am即启动一个线程执行Am.java的主函数，这个主函数的主要实现都在run方法里面，am命令后面带的参数会当做运行时参数传递个主方法，后面会根据传入的参数不同，执行不同的条件分支。可以看到当参数的个数小于1的时候，就执行showUsage()方法，即说明am命令使用方式的方法，并且有最常用的参数intent的详细使用说明。am命令中最常用到的是start命令，下面来看下这个命令的执行过程。

代码根据第一个参数判断是否是start子命令，进入private void runStart() throws Exception方法，接着进入执行解析参数的关键方法 private Intent makeIntent(int defUser) throws URISyntaxException里面。makeIntent里面用while循环根据传入的参数一点一点的配置即将使用的intent，大的比如intent的action，data小的比如flag，参数等。回到runStart方法，首先是检查am start是否接着-S（stop）参数，如果不是就跨进程调用am服务执行命令。到这里am及其start子命令的执行过程基本介绍完了。

am指令查看

命令窗口通过adb shell 进入android 的Linux命令界面，输入am -help看到如下信息： 

am指令使用

我们可以通过命令启动android中的Activity，Service，BroadcastReceiver 等组件

• 拨打一个电话： 
  am start -a android.intent.action.CALL -d tel:10086 
  这里-a表示动作，-d表述传入的数据，还有-t表示传入的类型。
• 打开一个网页： 
  am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d http://www.baidu.com （这里-d表示传入的data）
• 打开音乐播放器： 
  am start -a android.intent.action.MUSIC_PLAYER 或者 
  am start -n com.android.music/om.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity 
  （包名和应用名可以在Androidmanifest.xml文件查看到）
• 启动一个服务： 
  am startservice <服务名称> 
  例如：am startservice -n com.android.music/com.android.music.MediaPlaybackService (这里-n表示组件) 
  或者 am startservice -a com.smz.myservice (这里-a表示动作，就是你在Androidmanifest里定义的)
• 发送一个广播： 
  am broadcast -a <广播动作> 
  例如： am broadcast -a com.smz.mybroadcast
• 还可放在代码中操作。

<code class="hljs sql has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">    char intent[1024] = {0};
    sprintf(intent, "am <span class="hljs-operator" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">start</span> -a com.android.browser.ProxySelector);</span>
    system(intent);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

注：在SDK17之后，由于权限的问题，要记得在加上 –USER 0 
例如：AM BROADCAST –USER 0 -A COM.EXAMPLE.TEST

am指令全集

目标文件在\frameworks\base\cmds\am\src\com\android\commands\am

usage: am [subcommand] [options] 
usage: am start [-D] [-W] [-P ] [–start-profiler ] 
[–R COUNT] [-S] [–opengl-trace] 
[–user | current] 
am startservice [–user | current] 
am stopservice [–user | current] 
am force-stop [–user | all | current] 
am kill [–user | all | current] 
am kill-all 
am broadcast [–user | all | current] 
am instrument [-r] [-e ] [-p ] [-w] 
[–user | current] 
[–no-window-animation] 
am profile start [–user current] 
am profile stop [–user current] [] 
am dumpheap [–user current] [-n] 
am set-debug-app [-w] [–persistent] 
am clear-debug-app 
am monitor [–gdb ] 
am hang [–allow-restart] 
am restart 
am idle-maintenance 
am screen-compat [on|off] 
am to-uri [INTENT] 
am to-intent-uri [INTENT] 
am switch-user 
am stop-user 
am stack create 
am stack movetask [true|false] 
am stack resize 
am stack boxes 
am stack box

am start: start an Activity. Options are: 
-D: enable debugging 
-W: wait for launch to complete 
–start-profiler : start profiler and send results to 
-P : like above, but profiling stops when app goes idle 
-R: repeat the activity launch times. Prior to each repeat, 
the top activity will be finished. 
-S: force stop the target app before starting the activity 
–opengl-trace: enable tracing of OpenGL functions 
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not 
specified then run as the current user.

am startservice: start a Service. Options are: 
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not 
specified then run as the current user.

am stopservice: stop a Service. Options are: 
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not 
specified then run as the current user.

am force-stop: force stop everything associated with . 
–user | all | current: Specify user to force stop; 
all users if not specified.

am kill: Kill all processes associated with . Only kills. 
processes that are safe to kill – that is, will not impact the user 
experience. 
–user | all | current: Specify user whose processes to kill; 
all users if not specified.

am kill-all: Kill all background processes.

am broadcast: send a broadcast Intent. Options are: 
–user | all | current: Specify which user to send to; if not 
specified then send to all users. 
–receiver-permission : Require receiver to hold permission.

am instrument: start an Instrumentation. Typically this target 
is the form /. Options are: 
-r: print raw results (otherwise decode REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT). Use with 
[-e perf true] to generate raw output for performance measurements. 
-e : set argument to . For test runners a 
common form is [-e [,…]]. 
-p : write profiling data to 
-w: wait for instrumentation to finish before returning. Required for 
test runners. 
–user | current: Specify user instrumentation runs in; 
current user if not specified. 
–no-window-animation: turn off window animations while running.

am profile: start and stop profiler on a process. The given argument 
may be either a process name or pid. Options are: 
–user | current: When supplying a process name, 
specify user of process to profile; uses current user if not specified.

am dumpheap: dump the heap of a process. The given argument may 
be either a process name or pid. Options are: 
-n: dump native heap instead of managed heap 
–user | current: When supplying a process name, 
specify user of process to dump; uses current user if not specified.

am set-debug-app: set application to debug. Options are: 
-w: wait for debugger when application starts 
–persistent: retain this value

am clear-debug-app: clear the previously set-debug-app.

am bug-report: request bug report generation; will launch UI 
when done to select where it should be delivered.

am monitor: start monitoring for crashes or ANRs. 
–gdb: start gdbserv on the given port at crash/ANR

am hang: hang the system. 
–allow-restart: allow watchdog to perform normal system restart

am restart: restart the user-space system.

am idle-maintenance: perform idle maintenance now.

am screen-compat: control screen compatibility mode of .

am to-uri: print the given Intent specification as a URI.

am to-intent-uri: print the given Intent specification as an intent: URI.

am switch-user: switch to put USER_ID in the foreground, starting 
execution of that user if it is currently stopped.

am stop-user: stop execution of USER_ID, not allowing it to run any 
code until a later explicit switch to it.

am stack create: create a new stack relative to an existing one. 
: the task to populate the new stack with. Must exist. 
: existing stack box’s id. 
: 0: before , per RTL/LTR configuration, 
1: after , per RTL/LTR configuration, 
2: to left of , 
3: to right of , 4: above , 5: below 
: float between 0.2 and 0.8 inclusive.

am stack movetask: move from its current stack to the top (true) or bottom (false) of .

am stack resize: change relative size to new .

am stack boxes: list the hierarchy of stack boxes and their contents.

am stack box: list the hierarchy of stack boxes rooted at .

specifications include these flags and arguments: 
[-a ] [-d ] [-t ] 
[-c [-c ] …] 
[-e|–es …] 
[–esn …] 
[–ez …] 
[–ei …] 
[–el …] 
[–ef …] 
[–eu …] 
[–ecn ] 
[–eia [,