ioctl函数:
网络程序(一般是服务器程序)中ioctl常用于在程序启动时获得主机上所有接口的信息: 接口的地址、接口是否支持广播、是否支持多播等等。
#include <unistd.h> or #include <sys/ioctl.h>
int ioctl(int fd, int request, …/*void *arg */);
返回:成功返回0,出错返回-1;
下表列出了网络相关ioctl 请求的request 参数以及arg 地址必须指向的数据类型:
类别 | Request | 说明 | 数据类型 |
套 接 口 | SIOCATMARK SIOCSPGRP SIOCGPGRP | 是否位于带外标记 设置套接口的进程ID 或进程组ID 获取套接口的进程ID 或进程组ID | int int int |
文
件
| FIONBIN FIOASYNC FIONREAD FIOSETOWN FIOGETOWN
| 设置/ 清除非阻塞I/O 标志 设置/ 清除信号驱动异步I/O 标志 获取接收缓存区中的字节数 设置文件的进程ID 或进程组ID 获取文件的进程ID 或进程组ID | int int int int int |
接 口
| SIOCGIFCONF SIOCSIFADDR SIOCGIFADDR SIOCSIFFLAGS SIOCGIFFLAGS SIOCSIFDSTADDR SIOCGIFDSTADDR SIOCGIFBRDADDR SIOCSIFBRDADDR SIOCGIFNETMASK SIOCSIFNETMASK SIOCGIFMETRIC SIOCSIFMETRIC SIOCGIFMTU SIOCxxx | 获取所有接口的清单 设置接口地址 获取接口地址 设置接口标志 获取接口标志 设置点到点地址 获取点到点地址 获取广播地址 设置广播地址 获取子网掩码 设置子网掩码 获取接口的测度 设置接口的测度 获取接口MTU (还有很多取决于系统的实现) | struct ifconf struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq struct ifreq |
ARP | SIOCSARP SIOCGARP SIOCDARP | 创建/ 修改ARP 表项 获取ARP 表项 删除ARP 表项 | struct arpreq struct arpreq struct arpreq |
路 由 | SIOCADDRT SIOCDELRT | 增加路径 删除路径 | struct rtentry struct rtentry |
流 | I_xxx |
|
|
为这个调用拥有与网络相关的代码,所以文件描述符号fd就是socket()系统调用所返回的,而command参数可以是/usr/include/linux/sockios.h头文件中的任何一个,这些个命令根据它可以解决的问题所涉及的方面被分为多种的类型.
改变路由表(SIOCADDRT, SIOCDELRT)
读取或更新ARP/RARP缓存(SIOCDARP, SIOCSRARP)
一般的和网络有关的函数(SIOCGIFNAME, SIOCSIFADDR等等)
Goodies目录中包含了很多展示ioctl用法的示例程序,看这些程序的时候,注意根据ioctl的命令类型来使用具体的调用参数结构,比如:和路由表相关的IOCTL用RTENTRY结构,rtentry结构是被定义在/usr/include/linux/route.h文件中的,和ARP相关的ioctl调用到的arpreq结构被定义在/usr/include/linux/if_arp.h文件之中。网络接口相关的ioctl命令最具有代表性的特征的是都以S或G开头,其实就是设置或得到数据,getifinfo.c程序用这些命令去读取IP地址信息,硬件地址信息,广播地址信息和与网络接口相关的标志。对于这些ioctl,第三个参数是一个ifreq结构体,这个结构体被定义在/usr/include/linux/if.h头文件中。
根据常规约定,一个用户程序调用一个特定的ioctl命令如下:
ioctl(sockid, SIOCDEVPRIVATE, (char *) &ifr);
这里ifr是一个ifreq结构体变量,它用一个和这个设备联系的接口名称来填充ifr的ifr NAME域,比如前述的无线网卡接口名称为eth1。
ifreq结构体:
/* Interface request structure used for socket ioctl's. All interface
ioctl's must have parameter definitions which begin with ifr_name.
The remainder may be interface specific. */
struct ifreq
{
# define IFHWADDRLEN 6
# define IFNAMSIZ IF_NAMESIZE
union
{
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Interface name, e.g. "en0". */
} ifr_ifrn;
union
{
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short int ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
__caddr_t ifru_data;
} ifr_ifru;
};
# define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name /* interface name */
# define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr /* MAC address */
# define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */
# define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-p lnk */
# define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
# define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask /* interface net mask */
# define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags */
# define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* metric */
# define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu */
# define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map /* device map */
# define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave /* slave device */
# define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */
# define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* interface index */
# define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* link bandwidth */
# define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* queue length */
# define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname /* New name */
# define _IOT_ifreq _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(char),16,0,0)
# define _IOT_ifreq_short _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(short),1,0,0)
# define _IOT_ifreq_int _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(int),1,0,0)
******************************************************************************************************************************************
linux系统ioctl使用示例
These were writed and collected by kf701,
you can use and modify them but NO WARRANTY.
Contact with me : kf_701@21cn.com
程序1:检测接口的inet_addr, netmask, broad_addr
程序2:检查接口的物理连接是否正常
程序3:测试物理连接
程序4:调节音量
***************************程序1****************************************
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
static void usage()
{
printf("usage : ipconfig interface /n");
exit(0);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
struct sockaddr_in *addr;
struct ifreq ifr;
char *name,*address;
int sockfd;
if(argc != 2) usage();
else name = argv[1];
sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name,name,IFNAMSIZ-1);
if(ioctl(sockfd,SIOCGIFADDR,&ifr) == -1)
perror("ioctl error"),exit(1);
addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifr.ifr_addr);
address = inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr);
printf("inet addr: %s ",address);
if(ioctl(sockfd,SIOCGIFBRDADDR,&ifr) == -1)
perror("ioctl error"),exit(1);
addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_broadaddr;
address = inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr);
printf("broad addr: %s ",address);
if(ioctl(sockfd,SIOCGIFNETMASK,&ifr) == -1)
perror("ioctl error"),exit(1);
addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr;
address = inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr);
printf("inet mask: %s ",address);
printf("/n");
exit(0);
}
******************************** 程序2*****************************************************
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
typedef unsigned short u16;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef unsigned char u8;
#include <linux/ethtool.h>
#include <linux/sockios.h>
int detect_mii(int skfd, char *ifname)
{
struct ifreq ifr;
u16 *data, mii_val;
unsigned phy_id;
/* Get the vitals from the interface. */
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
if (ioctl(skfd, SIOCGMIIPHY, &ifr) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SIOCGMIIPHY on %s failed: %s/n", ifname, strerror(errno));
(void) close(skfd);
return 2;
}
data = (u16 *)(&ifr.ifr_data);
phy_id = data[0];
data[1] = 1;
if (ioctl(skfd, SIOCGMIIREG, &ifr) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SIOCGMIIREG on %s failed: %s/n", ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
return 2;
}
mii_val = data[3];
return(((mii_val & 0x0016) == 0x0004) ? 0 : 1);
}
int detect_ethtool(int skfd, char *ifname)
{
struct ifreq ifr;
struct ethtool_value edata;
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
edata.cmd = ETHTOOL_GLINK;
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name)-1);
ifr.ifr_data = (char *) &edata;
if (ioctl(skfd, SIOCETHTOOL, &ifr) == -1)
{
printf("ETHTOOL_GLINK failed: %s/n", strerror(errno));
return 2;
}
return (edata.data ? 0 : 1);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int skfd = -1;
char *ifname;
int retval;
if( argv[1] ) ifname = argv[1];
else ifname = "eth0";
/* Open a socket. */
if (( skfd = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0 ) ) < 0 )
{
printf("socket error/n");
exit(-1);
}
retval = detect_ethtool(skfd, ifname);
if (retval == 2)
retval = detect_mii(skfd, ifname);
close(skfd);
if (retval == 2)
printf("Could not determine status/n");
if (retval == 1)
printf("Link down/n");
if (retval == 0)
printf("Link up/n");
return retval;
}
*******************************程序3*****************************************************
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <linux/sockios.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#define LINKTEST_GLINK 0x0000000a
struct linktest_value {
unsigned int cmd;
unsigned int data;
};
static void usage(const char * pname)
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <device>/n", pname);
fprintf(stderr, "returns: /n");
fprintf(stderr, "/t 0: link detected/n");
fprintf(stderr, "/t%d: %s/n", ENODEV, strerror(ENODEV));
fprintf(stderr, "/t%d: %s/n", ENONET, strerror(ENONET));
fprintf(stderr, "/t%d: %s/n", EOPNOTSUPP, strerror(EOPNOTSUPP));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static int linktest(const char * devname)
{
struct ifreq ifr;
struct linktest_value edata;
int fd;
/* setup our control structures. */
memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, devname);
/* open control socket. */
fd=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if(fd < 0 )
return -ECOMM;
errno=0;
edata.cmd = LINKTEST_GLINK;
ifr.ifr_data = (caddr_t)&edata;
if(!ioctl(fd, SIOCETHTOOL, &ifr))
{
if(edata.data)
{
fprintf(stdout, "link detected on %s/n", devname);
return 0;
} else
{
errno=ENONET;
}
}
perror("linktest");
return errno;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if(argc != 2)
{
usage(argv[0]);
}
return linktest(argv[1]);
}
*************************************程序4*********************************************************
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>