importutils.import_class

在E:\nova\nova\service.py 中通过manager_class = importutils.import_class(self.manager_class_name) 得到一个class，然后就可以调用这个class
例如：
class Service(service.Service):
    """Service object for binaries running on hosts.

    A service takes a manager and enables rpc by listening to queues based
    on topic. It also periodically runs tasks on the manager and reports
    its state to the database services table.
    """

    def __init__(self, host, binary, topic, manager, report_interval=None,
                 periodic_enable=None, periodic_fuzzy_delay=None,
                 periodic_interval_max=None, *args, **kwargs):
        super(Service, self).__init__()
        self.host = host
        self.binary = binary
        self.topic = topic
        self.manager_class_name = manager
        self.servicegroup_api = servicegroup.API()
        manager_class = importutils.import_class(self.manager_class_name)
        self.manager = manager_class(host=self.host, *args, **kwargs)
这里的importutils 赋值如下：
from oslo_utils import importutils
原来是在oslo_utils 中实现的。其源码如下：

import sys
import traceback


def import_class(import_str):
    """Returns a class from a string including module and class.
    .. versionadded:: 0.3
    """
    mod_str, _sep, class_str = import_str.rpartition('.')
    __import__(mod_str)
    try:
        return getattr(sys.modules[mod_str], class_str)
    except AttributeError:
        raise ImportError('Class %s cannot be found (%s)' %
                          (class_str,
                           traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())))
原来是通过sys.modules[mod_str] 得到这个这个模块后，通过getattr 返回这个class.
注意这里的import_str是个字符串，在__init__中赋值如下：self.manager_class_name = manager
以E:\nova\nova\cmd\compute.py 为例可以看到这个字符串为nova-compute

def main():
    config.parse_args(sys.argv)
    logging.setup(CONF, 'nova')
    priv_context.init(root_helper=shlex.split(utils.get_root_helper()))
    utils.monkey_patch()
    objects.register_all()
    gmr_opts.set_defaults(CONF)
    # Ensure os-vif objects are registered and plugins loaded
    os_vif.initialize()

    gmr.TextGuruMeditation.setup_autorun(version, conf=CONF)

    cmd_common.block_db_access('nova-compute')
    objects_base.NovaObject.indirection_api = conductor_rpcapi.ConductorAPI()
    objects.Service.enable_min_version_cache()
    server = service.Service.create(binary='nova-compute',
                                    topic=compute_rpcapi.RPC_TOPIC)
    service.serve(server)
    service.wait()

这样在import_class 中就通过import_str.rpartition('.')将nova-compute变成nova.compute
这样就会去加载nova/compute的__init__.py
CELL_TYPE_TO_CLS_NAME = {'api': 'nova.compute.cells_api.ComputeCellsAPI',
                         'compute': 'nova.compute.api.API',
                         None: 'nova.compute.api.API',
                        }


def _get_compute_api_class_name():
    """Returns the name of compute API class."""
    cell_type = nova.cells.opts.get_cell_type()
    return CELL_TYPE_TO_CLS_NAME[cell_type]


def API(*args, **kwargs):
    class_name = _get_compute_api_class_name()
    return importutils.import_object(class_name, *args, **kwargs)

可以看到在__init__.py 中的API 同样通过importutils.import_object 来导入具体的class。
其中import_object的源码如下： 可以看到同样调用import_class，这里的的import_str等于nova.compute.api.API
def import_object(import_str, *args, **kwargs):
    """Import a class and return an instance of it.
    .. versionadded:: 0.3
    """
    return import_class(import_str)(*args, **kwargs)