模板方法模式

模板方法模式：在一个方法中定义了一个算法的骨架，而将一些步骤延迟到子类中。模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下，重新定义算法中的某些步骤。

这个模式比较简单，下面先来看咖啡和茶的例子：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


class CaffeineBeverage{
public:
	virtual void prepareRecipe() final {  //模板方法
		boilWater();
		brew();
		pourInCup();
		addCondiments();
	}
	virtual void brew() = 0;
	virtual void addCondiments() = 0;
	void boilWater(){
		cout << "Boiling water" << endl;
	}
	void pourInCup(){
		cout << "Pouring into cup" << endl;
	}
};


class Tea :public CaffeineBeverage{
public:
	void brew(){
		cout << "Steeping the tea" << endl;
	}
	void addCondiments(){
		cout << "Adding Lemon" << endl;
	}
};


class Coffee :public CaffeineBeverage{
public:
	void brew(){
		cout << "Dropping coffee through filter" << endl;
	}
	void addCondiments(){
		cout << "Adding Sugar and Milk" << endl;
	}
};

int main(){
	Tea *myTea = new Tea();
	myTea->prepareRecipe();
	delete myTea;
}

对模板方法进行挂钩：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;


class CaffeineBeverage{
public:
	virtual void prepareRecipe() final {  //模板方法
		boilWater();
		brew();
		pourInCup();
		if (customerWantsCondiments())    //加上条件语句(挂钩核心部分)
		{
			addCondiments();
		}
	}
	virtual void brew() = 0;
	virtual void addCondiments() = 0;
	void boilWater(){
		cout << "Boiling water" << endl;
	}
	void pourInCup(){
		cout << "Pouring into cup" << endl;
	}
	virtual bool customerWantsCondiments(){   //子类可以覆盖这个方法
		return true;
	}
};


class Tea :public CaffeineBeverage{
public:
	void brew(){
		cout << "Steeping the tea" << endl;
	}
	void addCondiments(){
		cout << "Adding Lemon" << endl;
	}
	bool customerWantsCondiments(){
		char answer = getUserInput();
		if (answer == 'y')
			return true;
		else
			return false;
	}
	char getUserInput(){
		char answer;
		cout << "Could you like milk and sugar with your coffee (y/n)? ";
		cin >> answer;
		return answer;
	}
};


class Coffee :public CaffeineBeverage{
public:
	void brew(){
		cout << "Dropping coffee through filter" << endl;
	}
	void addCondiments(){
		cout << "Adding Sugar and Milk" << endl;
	}
};

int main(){
	Tea *myTea = new Tea();
	myTea->prepareRecipe();
	delete myTea;
}