id类型、动态判断与选择器

1、id类型

[plain] view plain copy print ?

1. // Complex.h==============================  
2. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>  
3.   
4. @interface Complex : NSObject{  
5.     double real;  
6.     double imageinary;  
7. }  
8.   
9. -(Complex*) initWithReal:(double) r andImageinary:(double)i;  
10. -(void)setReal:(double) r;  
11. -(void)setImaginary:(double) i;  
12. -(void)setReal:(double)r andImaginary:(double) i;  
13. -(double)real;  
14. -(double)imaginary;  
15. -(void)print;  
16. @end  
17.   
18. // Complex.h==============================  
19. #import "Complex.h"  
20.   
21. @implementation Complex  
22. -(Complex*) initWithReal:(double) r andImageinary:(double)i;  
23. {  
24.     self = [super init];  
25.     if(self){  
26.         [self setReal:r andImaginary:i];  
27.     }  
28.     return self;  
29. }  
30.   
31. -(void)setReal:(double) r{  
32.     real = r;  
33. }  
34.   
35. -(void)setImaginary:(double) i{  
36.     imaginary = i;  
37. }  
38.   
39. -(void)setReal:(double)r andImaginary:(double) i{  
40.     real = r;  
41.     imaginary = i;  
42. }  
43.   
44. -(double)real{  
45.     return real;  
46. }  
47.   
48. -(double)imaginary{  
49.     return imaginary;  
50. }  
51.   
52. -(void)print{  
53.     NSLog(@"%f + %fi",real,imaginary);  
54. }  
55. @end  
56. // main.m==============================  
57. #import "Fraction.h"  
58. #import "Complex.h"  
59.   
60. int main(argc,const char * argv[]){  
61.     Fracion *frac = [[Fraction alloc] intiWithNumerator:3 andDenominator:5];  
62.     Complex *comp = [[Complex alloc] initWithReal:1.5 andImaginary:3.5];  
63.   
64.     id number = frac;  
65.     [number print];  
66.   
67.     number = comp;  
68.     [comp print];  
69.   
70.     [frc release];  
71.     [comp release];  
72.     return 0;  
73. }  

// Complex.h============================== #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Complex : NSObject{ double real; double imageinary; } -(Complex*) initWithReal:(double) r andImageinary:(double)i; -(void)setReal:(double) r; -(void)setImaginary:(double) i; -(void)setReal:(double)r andImaginary:(double) i; -(double)real; -(double)imaginary; -(void)print; @end // Complex.h============================== #import "Complex.h" @implementation Complex -(Complex*) initWithReal:(double) r andImageinary:(double)i; { self = [super init]; if(self){ [self setReal:r andImaginary:i]; } return self; } -(void)setReal:(double) r{ real = r; } -(void)setImaginary:(double) i{ imaginary = i; } -(void)setReal:(double)r andImaginary:(double) i{ real = r; imaginary = i; } -(double)real{ return real; } -(double)imaginary{ return imaginary; } -(void)print{ NSLog(@"%f + %fi",real,imaginary); } @end // main.m============================== #import "Fraction.h" #import "Complex.h" int main(argc,const char * argv[]){ Fracion *frac = [[Fraction alloc] intiWithNumerator:3 andDenominator:5]; Complex *comp = [[Complex alloc] initWithReal:1.5 andImaginary:3.5]; id number = frac; [number print]; number = comp; [comp print]; [frc release]; [comp release]; return 0; }

number先指向frac实例，调用了他的print方法，然后指向comp实例，调用了他的print

2、动态判断与选择器

假如别人传递给你一个id，你如何动态判断这个在运行时传递过来的对象到底有没有xxx方法那？

其实NSObject中有一系列这样的方法用于动态判断，类似java的反射机制

      -(BOOL)isMemberOfClass:(Class)  clazz //判断对象是否是clazz的实例，不包含子类的实例

     -(BOOL)isKindOfClass:(Class) clazz //判断对象是否是clazz的实例或子类的实例

     -(BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL) selector //判断类型或对象是否能够回应某个方法，这个方法使用选择器表示

     +(BOOL)instancesRespondToSelector:(SEL) selector//判断类型所产生的实例是否能够回应某个方法，这个方法使用选择器表示

     -(id)performSelector:(SEL) selector //用于动态调用类型或者对象上的一个方法

解释：

      SEL类型，用于表示objc的一个方法

      @selector(方法名)   例如：@selector(initWithWidth:andHeight:)不要丢掉冒号啊

      Class id  SEL 前不需要加星号

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. @import "MySquare.h"  
2. int main(argc,const char * argv[]){  
3.     MyRectangle *rec = [[MyRectangle alloc] initWithWidth:2 andHeight:5];  
4.     [rec area];  
5.     MySquare *squa = [[MySquare alloc] initWithSize:6];  
6.     [squa area];  
7.     //判断对象是否是clazz的实例，不包含子类的实例   
8.     if([squa isMemberOfClass:[MyRectangle class]]){  
9.         NSLog(@"squa isMemberOfClass MyRectangle.");  
10.     }else{  
11.         NSLog(@"squa not isMemberOfClass MyRectangle.");  
12.     }  
13.   
14.     if([squa isKindOfClass:[MySquare class]]){  
15.         NSLog(@"squa isKindOfClass MySquare.");  
16.     }else{  
17.         NSLog(@"squa not isKindOfClass MySquare.");  
18.     }  
19.     //判断对象是否是clazz的实例或者子类的实例   
20.     if([squa isKindOfClass:[MyRectangle class]]){  
21.         NSLog(@"squa isKindOfClass MyRectangle.");  
22.     }else{  
23.         NSLog(@"squa not isKindOfClass MyRectangle.");  
24.     }  
25.   
26.     if([squa isKindOfClass:[MySquare class]]){  
27.         NSLog(@"squa isKindOfClass MySquare.");  
28.     }else{  
29.         NSLog(@"squa not isKindOfClass MySquare.");  
30.     }  

@import "MySquare.h" int main(argc,const char * argv[]){ MyRectangle *rec = [[MyRectangle alloc] initWithWidth:2 andHeight:5]; [rec area]; MySquare *squa = [[MySquare alloc] initWithSize:6]; [squa area]; //判断对象是否是clazz的实例，不包含子类的实例 if([squa isMemberOfClass:[MyRectangle class]]){ NSLog(@"squa isMemberOfClass MyRectangle."); }else{ NSLog(@"squa not isMemberOfClass MyRectangle."); } if([squa isKindOfClass:[MySquare class]]){ NSLog(@"squa isKindOfClass MySquare."); }else{ NSLog(@"squa not isKindOfClass MySquare."); } //判断对象是否是clazz的实例或者子类的实例 if([squa isKindOfClass:[MyRectangle class]]){ NSLog(@"squa isKindOfClass MyRectangle."); }else{ NSLog(@"squa not isKindOfClass MyRectangle."); } if([squa isKindOfClass:[MySquare class]]){ NSLog(@"squa isKindOfClass MySquare."); }else{ NSLog(@"squa not isKindOfClass MySquare."); }

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. //判断对象或类型是否有能力回应指定方法   
2.     if([squa respondsToSelector:@selector(initWithSize:)]){  
3.         NSLog(@"YES");  
4.     }else{  
5.         NSLog(@"NO");  
6.     }  
7.   
8.     if([MySquare respondsToSelector:@selector(alloc)]){  
9.         NSLog(@"YES");  
10.     }else{  
11.         NSLog(@"NO");  
12.     }  
13.   
14.     if([rec respondsToSelector:@selector(initWithWidth:andHeight:)]){  
15.         NSLog(@"YES");  
16.     }else{  
17.         NSLog(@"NO");  
18.     }  
19.   
20.     //判断类产生的实例是否有能力回应指定的方法   
21.     if([MySquare instanceRespondsToSelector:@selector(initWithSize:)]){  
22.         NSLog(@"YES");  
23.     }else{  
24.         NSLog(@"NO");  
25.     }  
26.     if([MySquare instanceRespondsToSelector:@selector(alloc:)]){  
27.         NSLog(@"YES");  
28.     }else{  
29.         NSLog(@"NO");  
30.     }  
31.   
32.     //动态调用类或者对象上的一个方法   
33.     id x_id = [rec performSelector:@selector(area)];  
34.     [MyRectangle performSelector:@selector(alloc)];  
35.   
36.     [rec release];  
37.     [squa release];  

//判断对象或类型是否有能力回应指定方法 if([squa respondsToSelector:@selector(initWithSize:)]){ NSLog(@"YES"); }else{ NSLog(@"NO"); } if([MySquare respondsToSelector:@selector(alloc)]){ NSLog(@"YES"); }else{ NSLog(@"NO"); } if([rec respondsToSelector:@selector(initWithWidth:andHeight:)]){ NSLog(@"YES"); }else{ NSLog(@"NO"); } //判断类产生的实例是否有能力回应指定的方法 if([MySquare instanceRespondsToSelector:@selector(initWithSize:)]){ NSLog(@"YES"); }else{ NSLog(@"NO"); } if([MySquare instanceRespondsToSelector:@selector(alloc:)]){ NSLog(@"YES"); }else{ NSLog(@"NO"); } //动态调用类或者对象上的一个方法 id x_id = [rec performSelector:@selector(area)]; [MyRectangle performSelector:@selector(alloc)]; [rec release]; [squa release];
4、类别

想扩充一个类的功能，但有不想使用继承，就可以选择类别

写一个Fraction的类别，为Fraction类增加两个方法

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1. //FractionMath.h=====================================  
2. #import "Fraction.h"  
3.   
4. @interface Fraction(Math1)  
5.   
6. -(Fraction*)mul:(Fraction*)f;//乘法，就是传入一个Fraction作为参数，与当前Fraction进行计数  
7. -(Fraction*)div:(Fraction*)f;//除法  
8. @end  
9.   
10. @interface Fraction(Math2)  
11. -(Fraction*)add:(Fraction*)f;  
12. @end  
13. //FractionMath.m =======================================  
14. #import "Fraction.h"  
15. @implementation Fraction(Math1)  
16.   
17. -(Fraction*)mul:(Fraction*)f{  
18.     return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:numerator *[f numerator]  
19.                        denominator:denominator*[f denominator]];  
20. }  
21. -(Fraction*)div:(Fraction*)f{  
22.     return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:numerator *[f denominator]  
23.                        denominator:denominator*[f numerator]]  
24. }  
25.   
26. @end  
27. @implementation Fraction(Math2)  
28.   
29. -(Fraction*)add:(Fraction*)f{  
30.     return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:  
31.         numerator *[f denominator] + denominator*[f numerator]  
32.         denominator:denominator*[f denominator]];  
33. }  
34.   
35. @end  
36. //main.m======================================  
37. #import "FractionMath.h"  
38. int main(int argc,const char *argv[]){  
39.     Fraction *frac1 = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:1 denominator:3];  
40.     Fraction *frac2 = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:2 denominator:5];  
41.   
42.     Fraction *frac3 = [[frac1 mul:frac2];  
43.     [frac1 print];  
44.     NSLog(@"*");  
45.     [frac2 print];  
46.     NSLog(@"=");  
47.     [frac3 print];  
48.     NSLog(@"\n");  
49.   
50.     Fration *frac5 = [frac1 add:frac2];  
51.     [frac2 print];  
52.     NSLog(@"+");  
53.     [frac2 print];  
54.     NSLog(@"=");  
55.     [frac2 print];  
56.     NSLog(@"\n");  
57.   
58.     [frac1 release];  
59.     [frac2 release];  
60.     [frac3 release];  
61.     [frac5 release];  
62.     return 0;  
63. }  

//FractionMath.h===================================== #import "Fraction.h" @interface Fraction(Math1) -(Fraction*)mul:(Fraction*)f;//乘法，就是传入一个Fraction作为参数，与当前Fraction进行计数 -(Fraction*)div:(Fraction*)f;//除法 @end @interface Fraction(Math2) -(Fraction*)add:(Fraction*)f; @end //FractionMath.m ======================================= #import "Fraction.h" @implementation Fraction(Math1) -(Fraction*)mul:(Fraction*)f{ return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:numerator *[f numerator] denominator:denominator*[f denominator]]; } -(Fraction*)div:(Fraction*)f{ return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:numerator *[f denominator] denominator:denominator*[f numerator]] } @end @implementation Fraction(Math2) -(Fraction*)add:(Fraction*)f{ return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator: numerator *[f denominator] + denominator*[f numerator] denominator:denominator*[f denominator]]; } @end //main.m====================================== #import "FractionMath.h" int main(int argc,const char *argv[]){ Fraction *frac1 = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:1 denominator:3]; Fraction *frac2 = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:2 denominator:5]; Fraction *frac3 = [[frac1 mul:frac2]; [frac1 print]; NSLog(@"*"); [frac2 print]; NSLog(@"="); [frac3 print]; NSLog(@"\n"); Fration *frac5 = [frac1 add:frac2]; [frac2 print]; NSLog(@"+"); [frac2 print]; NSLog(@"="); [frac2 print]; NSLog(@"\n"); [frac1 release]; [frac2 release]; [frac3 release]; [frac5 release]; return 0; }
注意：

类别不可以声明新的实例变量，而且一旦你定义的方法与原始类中的方法名相同，那么原始方法将被隐藏起来

因为不是继承结构，你不能在类别中的方法使用super激活原始类的同名方法

类别还有一个功能，就是隐藏方法，我们在Fraction.m的最后增加如下方法

@interface Fraction(Math3)

-(Fraction*)sub:(Fraction*)f;//减法

@end

@implementation Fraction(Math3)

-(Fraction*)sub:(Fraction*)f{

return [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:

numerator*[f denominator]-denominator*[f numerator]

denominator:denominator*[f denominator]];

}

@end

在。m文件中定义@interface？是的，因为@interface一旦定义在。m文件中，它就不能以header文件形式被导入到其他的类里了，

也就是这样的@interface中定义的方法相当于隐藏了，只有zhege。m编译单元内看见

}