Synchronized锁1

 Synchronized

在java语言中存在两种内建的synchronized语法:synchronized语句和synchronized方法。synchronized将并行改为串行,当然会影响程序的执行效率,执行速度会受到影响。其次synchronized操作线程的堵塞,也就是由操作系统控制CPU的内核进行上下文的切换,这个切换本身也是耗时的。所以使用synchronized关键字会降低程序的运行效率。 

三个售票窗口同时出售20张票

public class Test1 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for(int i=1;i<=3;i++) {
			new 售票线程(i+"号窗口").start();
		}
	}
}


class 售票线程 extends Thread{
	private String name;
	private static Integer count=20;//票池,static保证多个线程对象共享一个票池
	private static final String aaa="bbbb";
	public 售票线程(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while(count>0) {
//			System.out.println(this.name+count+"开始售票");
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			synchronized (aaa) {
				if(count>0) {
					System.out.println(this.name+"售出第 "+count+" 号票");
					count--;
//					System.out.println(this.name+":"+count);
				}else {
					System.out.println(this.name+"票已售尽");
				}
//				System.out.println(this.name+count+"结束售票");
			}
		}
	}
}

Synchronized用于实现同步处理,保证共享数据的安全性


数据有安全性问题的原因:1、共享数据 2、修改数据

Synchronized相对于volatile是重量级的线程安全的方法,可以保证3大特性:原子性、可见性、有序性


synchronized将并行改为串行
         -用于静态方法,锁对象为当前类

                public synchronized static void pp(){}
        -用于非静态方法,锁对象为当前类的对象
                public synchronized void pp(){}
        -用于代码块,锁对象为指定的对象  该对象可以自定义
                synchronized(obj){}

同步代码块

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

//同步代码块
public class A {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for(int i=1;i<=3;i++) {
			new MyThread(i+"号窗口").start();
		}
	}
}

class MyThread extends Thread{
	private String name;
	private static int counter=20;
	private static final String LOCK="bbbb";
	
	public MyThread(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while(counter>0) {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(100);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			synchronized (LOCK) {//锁的数量一定要比资源少,要把资源锁住,用name不可以,因为name是3个窗口,不能锁住,锁有一把;只要是引用类型都可以,
				if(counter>0) {
					System.out.println(this.name+"售出第"+counter+"号票");
					synchronized (LOCK) {
						counter--;						
					}
					System.out.println(this.name+":"+counter);
				}else {
					System.out.println(this.name+":"+"票已售尽");
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

同步方法

public class A2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		NumOper no=new NumOper(100);
		Thread[] th=new Thread[4];
		for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
			th[i*2]=new Thread(() -> {
				for(int k=0;k<50;k++) {
					no.add();
				}
			});
			th[i*2].start();
			th[i*2+1]=new Thread(() -> {
				for(int k=0;k<50;k++) {
					no.sub();
				}
			});
			th[i*2+1].start();
		}
		for(Thread tmp:th)
			tmp.join();
		System.out.println("Main:"+no.getNum());
	}
}

/*
 * 以new出来的NumOper对象充当锁,当前对象内的synchronized方法在不同线程调用时互斥,
 * 但是可以直接访问非synchronized方法
 * 
 * 注意synchronized允许持有锁的线程重入
 */
class NumOper {
	private int num;

	public NumOper(int num) {//synchronized不能添加到构造器上
		this.num = num;
	}

	public synchronized void add() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "Thread......begin" + this.num);
		this.num++;
//		sub();
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "Thread......end" + this.num);
	}

	public synchronized void sub() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "Thread......begin" + this.num);
		this.num--;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "Thread......end" + this.num);
	}

	public int getNum() {
		return this.num;
	}
}

同步静态方法

统计指定类的创建次数 ,代码如下:

public class A3 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for(int i=0;i<5;i++) {
			new Thread(()->{
				for(int k=0;k<10;k++) {
					new S3();
				}
			}).start();
		}
		try {
			Thread.sleep(10000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(S3.getCounter());//
	}
}

class S3{
	private static int counter=0;
	
	public S3() {
		add();
	}
	
	private synchronized static void add() {//static 不可以用this
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"开始创建操作"+counter);
		counter++;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"完成创建操作"+counter);
	}
	public static int getCounter() {
		return counter;
	}
}

使用类锁,所以不管new了多少个对象,都可以得到互斥的效果

public class A4 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(()->{
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
			S4 ss=new S4();
			ss.pp1();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(()->{
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
			S4 ss=new S4();
			ss.pp1();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

class S4{
	public synchronized static void pp1() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
	public void pp2() {}
}

使用的是对象锁,所以只能new一个对象,都可以得到互斥的效果。如果创建多个则不能达到互斥目的

public class A41 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		S41 ss=new S41();
		new Thread(()->{
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			ss.pp2();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(()->{
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			ss.pp2();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}
//类S4为锁对象
class S41{
	public synchronized static void pp1() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
	public synchronized void pp2() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
	public synchronized void pp3() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
}

使用的是不同的锁,所以thread0和thread1不能达到互斥的效果。

public class A42 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		S42 ss=new S42();
		new Thread(()->{
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
//			S41 ss=new S41();
//			ss.pp2();//非static方法 --对象锁  ss
			ss.pp3();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(()->{
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			ss.pp1();//static方法  --类锁  S42.class
			ss.pp4();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}
//类S4为锁对象
class S42{
	public synchronized static void pp1() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
	public synchronized void pp2() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
	public synchronized static void pp3() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
	public synchronized static void pp4() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
}

锁对象不一样会导致锁不住,一个是类锁,一个是对象锁

public class A44 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		S44 ss=new S44();
		new Thread(()->{
//			S44 ss=new S44();
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
//			S41 ss=new S41();
//			ss.pp2();//非static方法 --对象锁  ss
			ss.pp3();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(()->{
//			S44 ss=new S44();
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			ss.pp2();//非static方法 --对象锁  ss
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(()->{
//			S44 ss=new S44();
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
//			S41 ss=new S41();
			ss.pp1();//static方法  --类锁  S42.class
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(()->{
//			S44 ss=new S44();
			for(int i=0;i<20;i++) {
//			S41 ss=new S41();
				ss.pp4();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}
//类S4为锁对象
class S44{
	public synchronized static void pp1() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
	public synchronized void pp2() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin..."+Thread.currentThread().getName());
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end..."+Thread.currentThread().getName());
	}
	public synchronized static void pp3() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
	public synchronized static void pp4() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...begin...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"...end...");
	}
}
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