反射

反射的定义:

反射获取类对象的三种方式:
1.类型.class
2.Class.forName(“类型的全路径名”)
3.对象.getClass( )

public class Student {
    public int stuId;
    private  String name;
    String gender;
    private Student() {
    }
    private Student(int stuId, String name, String gender) {
        this.stuId = stuId;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
    }
    private int getStuId() {
        return stuId;
    }
    private void setStuId(int stuId) {
        this.stuId = stuId;
    }

    private String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    private String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }
    private void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "stuId=" + stuId +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class testStudent<T> {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        /*testStudent s=new testStudent();
        //获取类对象的另一种方法
        Class<? extends testStudent> aClass = s.getClass();*/
        //1.获取类对象
//        Class<Student> stu = Student.class;
         Class<?> stu = Class.forName("Student");
        //2.通过类对象获取构造方法
        Constructor<Student> con= (Constructor<Student>) stu.getDeclaredConstructor();
        con.setAccessible(true);//获取父类文件
        //3.通过构造方法创建对象
        Student student=con.newInstance();
        student.stuId=1;
        student.gender="男";
        student.setName("王");
        System.out.println(student);
}

反射常用类

通过Field类获取属性,并赋值
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Student s=testStudent.getStudent();
        Class c=Student.class;
        Field stuId = c.getField("stuId");
        stuId.set(s,11);
        System.out.println(s);

        Field name=c.getDeclaredField("name");
        name.setAccessible(true);//获取权限
        name.set(s,"老夫子");
        System.out.println(s);

        Field[] f=c.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : f) {
            field.setAccessible(true);
            System.out.println(field.get(s));
        }
    }

通过Constructor类获取构造方法
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        Class<Student> c = Student.class;
        Constructor<Student> sClass =
                c.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class,String.class,String.class);
        sClass.setAccessible(true);
        Student s=sClass.newInstance(2,"马","马");
        System.out.println(s);
    }

通过Method类获取getStuId()方法
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Student s = testStudent.getStudent();
        Class<Student> c=Student.class;
        Method setStuId = c.getDeclaredMethod("setStuId", int.class);
        setStuId.setAccessible(true);
        setStuId.invoke(s,3);

        Method getStuId=c.getDeclaredMethod("getStuId");
        getStuId.setAccessible(true);
        Object stuId= getStuId.invoke(s);
        System.out.println(s);
    }

反射机制的优缺点:
可以越权,程序进行时注入数据
代码繁琐,不安全