设计模式之建造者模式

形式一

建造者模式：将一个复杂对象的构建和它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。即用一个抽象类规定各种建造条件，再用另一个类规定建造流程。

产品类：假设产品由多种部件组成，提供一个方法用来添加组件

public class Product {
    private List<String> parts = new ArrayList<>();

    public void addPart(String part) {
        parts.add(part);
    }

    public void show() {
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        for (String part : parts) {
            stringBuilder.append(part).append(",");
        }
        if (stringBuilder.length() > 0) {
            stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length() - 1);
        }
        System.out.println(stringBuilder.toString());
    }
}

建造者接口：定义具体构建所需组件

public interface Builder {

    void addPartA();

    void addPartB();

    void addPartC();

    Product getProduct();
}

具体建造者：具体实现可以调用产品类的添加方法

public class ConcreteBuilderA implements Builder {
    private Product product = new Product();

    @Override
    public void addPartA() {
        product.addPart("Part A of Product A");
    }

    @Override
    public void addPartB() {
        product.addPart("Part B of Product A");
    }

    @Override
    public void addPartC() {
        product.addPart("Part C of Product A");
    }

    @Override
    public Product getProduct() {
        return product;
    }
}

public class ConcreteBuilderB implements Builder {
    private Product product = new Product();

    @Override
    public void addPartA() {
        product.addPart("Part A of Product B");
    }

    @Override
    public void addPartB() {
        product.addPart("Part B of Product B");
    }

    @Override
    public void addPartC() {
        product.addPart("Part C of Product B");
    }

    @Override
    public Product getProduct() {
        return product;
    }
}

指挥者类：定义建造具体流程

public class Director {
    public Product build(Builder builder) {
        builder.addPartA();
        builder.addPartB();
        builder.addPartC();

        return builder.getProduct();
    }
}

测试类：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConcreteBuilderA concreteBuilderA = new ConcreteBuilderA();
        ConcreteBuilderB concreteBuilderB = new ConcreteBuilderB();

        Director director = new Director();

        Product productA = director.build(concreteBuilderA);
        Product productB = director.build(concreteBuilderB);

        productA.show();
        productB.show();
    }
}

输出：

Part A of Product A,Part B of Product A,Part C of Product A
Part A of Product B,Part B of Product B,Part C of Product B

形式二

还有另外一种形式的建造者模式，类似于装饰者模式，只不过装饰者模式每次添加新功能都会创建新对象，这种形式的建造者模式是在原对象的基础上添加组件或者功能，典型例子是Android中的NotificationBuilder。