分布式事务与Seate框架（2）——Seata实践

二、代码实践
这里只展示关键代码，全部代码已提交gituhb：，有需要的小伙伴可以自行获取

1、“订单-库存-账户”服务
订单服务：

TM（microService）：seata-order-service

RM（DB Resources）：jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/order

OrderService：

@GlobalTransactional // TM开启全局事务
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void createOrder(Long productId, BigDecimal price){
// 这里模拟获取的是用户的账户ID
// 通过上下文获取userId再获取accountId（单个账户）
Long accountId = 1L; // 假设已经获取到了账户ID

    // 1.rpc调用库存微服务检查库存并减库存操作
    Boolean deductStorageSuccess =  storageFeignClient.deduct(productId);
    if (!deductStorageSuccess) {
        throw new RuntimeException("storage deduct failed!");
    }
    // 2.创建订单
    ProductOrder order =  ProductOrder.builder()
            .productId(productId)
            .accountId(accountId)
            .payAmount(price)
            .build();
    log.info("create order : {}", order);
    // 这里为了模拟回滚，所以先对价格的判断放到了创建订单之后，抛出runtime exception
    if (price.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) < 0) {
        throw new NumberFormatException("product price must greater than zero!");
    }
    orderMapper.insertSelective(order);

    // 3.rpc调用账户微服务对余额检查并扣款操作
    Boolean deductAccountSuccess =  accountFeignClient.deduct(accountId, price);
    if (!deductAccountSuccess) {
        throw new RuntimeException("account deduct failed!");
    }
    // 4. 反馈结果
}

OrderController：

/**
* 模拟创建订单
* @param productId
* @param price
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/create")
public String create(Long productId, BigDecimal price){
try {
orderService.createOrder(productId, price);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("order failed: ", e);
return “order failed”;
}
return “order success”;
}
调用的Feign：

@FeignClient(name=“seata-account-service”)
public interface AccountFeignClient {
@PostMapping("/account/deduct")
Boolean deduct(@RequestParam(“accountId”) Long accountId, @RequestParam(“payAmount”) BigDecimal payAmount);
}

@FeignClient(name=“seata-storage-service”)
public interface StorageFeignClient {
@PostMapping("/storage/deduct")
Boolean deduct(@RequestParam(“productId”) Long productId);
}
库存服务：

microService：seata-storage-service

RM（DB Resources）：jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/storage

StorageService

public Boolean deduct(Long productId){
// 这里先检查有没有库存了, 生产环境下这里是需要for update数据库锁，或者分布式锁
Repo repoFromDB = repoMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(productId);
if (repoFromDB == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(“product not exist!”);
}
// 对库存减一
int afterCount = repoFromDB.getAmount()-1;
// 没有库存剩余了
if (afterCount < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException(“product storage is no remaining!”);
}
Repo repo = Repo.builder()
.id(productId)
.amount(afterCount)
.build();
repoMapper.updateAmount(repo);
log.info(“deduct product[{}] storage, current amount is {}”, productId, afterCount);
return true;
}
StorageController:

/**
* 模拟对商品库存减一
* @param productId
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/deduct")
public Boolean deduct(Long productId){
try {
storageService.deduct(productId);
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
账户服务：

microService：seata-account-service

RM（DB Resources）：jdbc:mysql:127.0.0.1/account

AccountService：

public void deduct(Long accountId, BigDecimal payAmount){
// 这里先检查有没有账户存在, 生产环境下这里是需要for update数据库锁，或者分布式锁
UserAccount userAccountFromDB = userAccountMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(accountId);
if (userAccountFromDB == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(“account not exist!”);
}
// 检查余额是否足够
BigDecimal afterBalance = userAccountFromDB.getBalance().subtract(payAmount);
if (afterBalance.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException(“the balance is not enough!”);
}
UserAccount userAccount = UserAccount.builder()
.id(accountId)
.balance(afterBalance)
.build();
log.info(“deduct account[{}] , current balance is {}”, accountId, afterBalance);
userAccountMapper.updateBalance(userAccount);
}
AccountController：

/**
* 模拟账户扣款
* @param accountId
* @param payAmount
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/deduct")
public Boolean deduct(Long accountId, BigDecimal payAmount){
try {
accountService.deduct(accountId, payAmount);
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
2、Seata服务器，即TC角色
　　首先初始化seata的sql脚本（sql脚本参考官方wiki），并开启seata库,之后开启Seata Server（具体的配置与启动前nacos配置，事务分组等相关概念请参考官方wiki）

3、检查Nacos服务与配置列表
　　微服务模块启动后快速注册到dev命名空间下的SEATA_GROUP分组，此时TM、RM、TC都已经具备

启动微服务模块后可以看到日志输出，说明启动成功并且已经成功注册

RM will register :jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/account
nacos registry, SEATA_GROUP seata-account-service 192.168.99.1:6009 register finished
Started SeataAccountApplication in 30.115 seconds (JVM running for 33.158)
…
NettyPool create channel to transactionRole:TMROLE,address:169.254.6.29:8091,msg:< RegisterTMRequest{applicationId=‘seata-account-service’, transactionServiceGroup=‘my_test_tx_group’} >
register TM success. client version:1.4.0, server version:1.4.0,channel:[id: 0xa77dc065, L:/169.254.6.29:52794 - R:/169.254.6.29:8091]
register success, cost 4 ms, version:1.4.0,role:TMROLE,channel:[id: 0xa77dc065, L:/169.254.6.29:52794 - R:/169.254.6.29:8091]
三、运行测试
1、模拟购买支付成功情况
运行启动所有的微服务后，在TC Serve的日志可以看到所有的TM、RM都已经注册了

此时productId=1库存还剩998

accountId=1的用户余额还剩1000元

接下来就是模拟用户购买商品环节，调用http://localhost:6008/order/create，表示用户想买商品ID=1，价格为12.25的商品

清空日志，并发起请求查看日志：

16:10:45.167 INFO — [rverHandlerThread_1_4_500] i.s.s.coordinator.DefaultCoordinator : Begin new global transaction applicationId: seata-order-service,transactionServiceGroup: my_test_tx_group, transactionName: createOrder(java.lang.Long, java.math.BigDecimal),timeout:60000,xid:169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608
16:10:45.964 INFO — [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : SeataMergeMessage xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/storage,lockKey=repo:1
,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group
16:10:46.086 INFO — [rverHandlerThread_1_5_500] i.seata.server.coordinator.AbstractCore : Register branch successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608, branchId = 136139750928142336, resourceId = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/storage ,lockKeys = repo:1
16:10:46.788 INFO — [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : SeataMergeMessage xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/account,lockKey=user_account:1
,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group
16:10:46.918 INFO — [rverHandlerThread_1_6_500] i.seata.server.coordinator.AbstractCore : Register branch successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608, branchId = 136139754342305793, resourceId = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/account ,lockKeys = user_account:1
16:10:47.015 INFO — [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/order,lockKey=product_order:6,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group
16:10:47.073 INFO — [rverHandlerThread_1_7_500] i.seata.server.coordinator.AbstractCore : Register branch successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608, branchId = 136139755294412801, resourceId = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/order ,lockKeys = product_order:6
16:10:47.184 INFO — [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608,extraData=null,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group
16:10:48.084 INFO — [ AsyncCommitting_1_1] io.seata.server.coordinator.DefaultCore : Committing global transaction is successfully done, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608.
16:10:53.908 INFO — [ TxTimeoutCheck_1_1] i.s.s.coordinator.DefaultCoordinator : Global transaction[169.254.6.29:8091:136139530647490560] is timeout and will be rollback.
16:10:54.947 INFO — [ RetryRollbacking_1_1] io.seata.server.coordinator.DefaultCore : Rollback global transaction successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139530647490560.
从日志中我们可以看到：

1）全局事务XID已经生成，各个分支注册成功，

2）branchId也已经生成并在全局事务XID下，资源已被锁住

3）全局事务提交成功

查看此时的库存与余额，都已经进行了减扣

2、模拟库存不足情况
修改productId=1的商品库存为0：

再次发起请求，查看TC Server日志，可以查出明显发生了全局事务的回滚

16:20:24.258 INFO — [verHandlerThread_1_12_500] i.s.s.coordinator.DefaultCoordinator : Begin new global transaction applicationId: seata-order-service,transactionServiceGroup: my_test_tx_group, transactionName: createOrder(java.lang.Long, java.math.BigDecimal),timeout:60000,xid:169.254.6.29:8091:136142176250875904
16:20:24.279 INFO — [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136142176250875904,extraData=null,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group
16:20:24.420 INFO — [verHandlerThread_1_13_500] io.seata.server.coordinator.DefaultCore : Rollback global transaction successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136142176250875904.
查看库存与余额情况，库存仍然是0，余额仍然是987.75
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