命令行与shell编程系列文章目录
第一章 什么是命令行
第二章 文件权限
第三章 文件的处理
第四章 磁盘和文件系统
第五章 理解shell解析器和shell进程
文章目录
前言
文件系统是一种管理磁盘等存储设备的软件,位于最底层直接同硬件打交道。主要作用就是简化终端用户对于磁盘的数据的管理。简单的说文件系统将磁盘空间进行规划和编号处理,这样使得可以通过文件名就可以找到具体的数据。
查看log目录下文件占用磁盘的大小
zhang:trunk$ sudo du -S /var/log/ | sort -nr
sudo: unable to resolve host zhangguoting
20356 /var/log/vmware-caf/pme
7332 /var/log/samba
4644 /var/log/
1164 /var/log/installer
268 /var/log/cups
120 /var/log/apache2
112 /var/log/lightdm
112 /var/log/apt
60 /var/log/TecAgentLog/Running
52 /var/log/unattended-upgrades
40 /var/log/TecAgentLog/KeyPoints
32 /var/log/mysql
12 /var/log/fsck
4 /var/log/vmware-caf
4 /var/log/upstart
4 /var/log/TecAgentLog
4 /var/log/speech-dispatcher
4 /var/log/samba/cores/smbd
4 /var/log/samba/cores/nmbd
4 /var/log/samba/cores
4 /var/log/hp/tmp
4 /var/log/hp
4 /var/log/dist-upgrade
用fdisk工具对磁盘分区
# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 7.5 GiB, 8054112256 bytes, 15730688 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 32 15730687 15730656 7.5G b W95 FAT32
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 7.5 GiB, 8054112256 bytes, 15730688 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-15730687, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-15730687, default 15730687):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 7.5 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
为新分区的磁盘制作文件系统
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 1966080 4k blocks and 491520 inodes
Filesystem UUID: aa5d4194-4415-4222-982b-e721d1b782e1
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks):
done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
挂载磁盘
mount /dev/sda1 /media/sda1/
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 484.2M 230.6M 228.6M 50% /
devtmpfs 28.2M 0 28.2M 0% /dev
tmpfs 28.3M 0 28.3M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 28.3M 264.0K 28.0M 1% /tmp
tmpfs 28.3M 20.0K 28.3M 0% /run
/dev/mmcblk0p3 6.5G 143.2M 6.1G 2% /data
/dev/sda1 7.5G 682.4M 6.8G 9% /media/sda1