springboot实现Excel批量导入数据库
前言:项目开发中最容易碰到的需求即将Excel数据批量上传到数据库中存储 -> Java实现,Excel数据表,MySQL数据库,具体步骤如下…
1.新建excel表,填写测试数据
2.新建项目工程,修改pom依赖以及application.properties如下
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--java对象状态自动映射到关系数据库中数据上-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--实现类与xml之间的相互转换-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpamodelgen</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.2.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--前端页面我这里使用了thymeleaf模板引擎-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--使用POI读取文件-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.17</version>
</dependency>
application.properties
spring.datasource.username=123456
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/excel?useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC
#配置通过jpa自动创建表
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
#打印SQL
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
3.创建实体类,进行关系映射
启动项目就会自动创建实体类中的表,创建完之后会发现数据库里的字段和实体类里的字段顺序是不一样,是乱序状态,是因为hibernate源码中用的是TreeMap存储实体类字段,TreeMap属性是无序的;所以解决办法如下:
- 找到源码文件
- 在本项目中创建一个和源码类一样的包结构和一样名字的类,复制源码文件所有代码到新建的类中
- 将上图标识的TreeMap 修改为LinkedHashMap修改好之后启动项目,会发现程序走的是新创建的类
package com.wxy.excel.entity;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Entity
@Table(name = "excel")
public class Excel implements Serializable {
//serialVersionUID适用于java序列化机制
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@Column(length=36)
private String id;
@Column(length=45,nullable=false,unique=true)
private String username;
@Column(length=100,nullable=false,unique=true)
private String email;
@Column(length=45,nullable=false)
private String password;
@Column(length=45)
private String role;
//省略getter and setter 以及 constructor
4.Excel的DAO类接口,与Excel有关的持久化操作方法
package com.wxy.excel.mapper;
import com.wxy.excel.entity.Excel;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public interface ExcelRepository extends JpaRepository<Excel,String> {
}
5.创建service层接口
Excel的Service类接口,与Excel有关的业务逻辑方法
package com.wxy.excel.service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
public interface ExcelService {
boolean getExcel(MultipartFile file) throws Exception;
}
6.service层方法实现
Excel的Service类,与用户信息有关的业务逻辑方法
package com.wxy.excel.service;
import com.wxy.excel.mapper.ExcelRepository;
import com.wxy.excel.entity.Excel;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class ExcelServiceImpl implements ExcelService{
@Autowired
private ExcelRepository excelRepository;
@Override
public boolean getExcel(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
List<Excel> list = new ArrayList<Excel>();
//1.得到上传的表
Workbook workbook2 = WorkbookFactory.create(file.getInputStream());
//2.获取test工作表 注意test就是excel下面的sheet名称
Sheet sheet2 = workbook2.getSheet("test");
//3.获取表的总行数
int num = sheet2.getLastRowNum();
//4.获取表总列数
int col = sheet2.getRow(0).getLastCellNum();
//5.遍历excel每一行
for (int j = 0; j <= num; j++) {
Row row1 = sheet2.getRow(j);
// 如果单元格中有数字或者其他格式的数据,则调用setCellType()转换为string类型
Cell cell1 = row1.getCell(0);
cell1.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
//获取表中第i行,第2列的单元格
Cell cell2 = row1.getCell(1);
cell2.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
//获取excel表的第i行,第3列的单元格
Cell cell3 = row1.getCell(2);
cell3.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
Cell cell4 = row1.getCell(3);
cell4.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
Cell cell5 = row1.getCell(4);
cell5.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
//这里new 一个对象,用来装填从页面上传的Excel数据,字段根据上传的excel决定
Excel excel= new Excel();
excel.setId(cell1.getStringCellValue());
excel.setUsername(cell2.getStringCellValue());
excel.setEmail(cell3.getStringCellValue());
excel.setPassword(cell4.getStringCellValue());
excel.setRole(cell5.getStringCellValue());
list.add(excel);
System.out.println("excel"+excel);
}
excelRepository.saveAll(list);
return true;
}
}
7.Controller层实现
package com.wxy.excel.controller;
import com.wxy.excel.service.ExcelService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
@Controller
public class ExcelController {
@Autowired
private ExcelService excelService;
@GetMapping("/upload")
public String goUpload(){
return "upload";
}
@PostMapping("/excel")
public String upload(MultipartFile file, Model model) throws Exception {
boolean flag = excelService.getExcel(file);
if(flag){
model.addAttribute("Message", "上传成功");
}else{
model.addAttribute("Message", "上传失败");
}
return "upload";
}}
8.前端html实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>批量上传</title>
</head>
<body>
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/excel">
<input type="file" name="file" /> <input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
9.项目结构图,以及实现文件上传效果如下
10.项目demo已经上传到github,下载地址
https://github.com/Wangxy9527/ExcelToDatabase
或者直接clone即可:
git@github.Wangxy9527/ExcelToDatabase.git
https://github.com/Wangxy9527/ExcelToDatabase.git
结语:本文主要实现功能为将Excel数据导入到数据库中,不懂不理解或者对以上文章有疑问的小伙伴欢迎留言…