Java 多态

多态,又叫动态绑定,是指程序在执行期间(而非编译期间),判断所引用的对象的实际类型,根据其实际的类型调用其相应的方法.

多态存在有三个必要的条件:

1. 有继承

2. 有重写

3. 父类引用指向子类对象

举个例子来说，有个父类 Animal，代码如下：

package com.poly;

public class Animal {
	private String name;
	
	Animal(String name){
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public void enjoy(){
		System.out.println("Animal enjoy...");
	}
}

他有一个子类，Cat

package com.poly;

public class Cat extends Animal{
	
	private String eyeColor;
	
	Cat(String name,String eyeColor){
		super(name);
		this.eyeColor = eyeColor;
	}
	
	public void enjoy(){
		System.out.println("Cat's enjoy...");
	}
}

他还有另外一个子类， Dog

package com.poly;

public class Dog extends Animal {
	private String furColor;
	
	Dog(String name,String furColor){
		super(name);
		this.furColor = furColor;
	}
	
	public void enjoy(){
		System.out.println("Dog's enjoy...");
	}
}

现在有一个类，Lady，他的成员变量里面有Animal

package com.poly;

public class Lady {
	private String name;
	private Animal pet;
	public Lady(String name,Animal pet){
		this.name = name;
		this.pet = pet;
	}
	public void myPetEnjoy(){
		pet.enjoy();
	}
}

现在我们测试一下，

package com.poly;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		String name1 = "Grace";
		String name2 = "Lucy";
		Dog d = new Dog("Dog","yellow");
		Cat c = new Cat("Cat","blue");
		Lady l1 = new Lady(name1,c);
		Lady l2 = new Lady(name2,d);
		l1.myPetEnjoy();// cat's enjoy
		l2.myPetEnjoy();// dog's enjoy
	}
}

此处打印出来的应该是：

Cat's enjoy...
Dog's enjoy...

这个就是多态的最简单的应用。多态可以提高程序的健壮性和可扩展性。