openwrt （四）启动（1）

目录

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1. 1号进程

kernel的启动开始于start_kernel()函数，在这里完成各种系统初始化后最后进入rest_init函数，这整个过程都可以称之为0进程：

        asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
        {
            ...
                boot_cpu_init();
                page_address_init();
                pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
                setup_arch(&command_line);
                mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
                mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
                setup_command_line(command_line);
                setup_nr_cpu_ids();
                setup_per_cpu_areas();
                smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */

                build_all_zonelists(NULL, NULL);
                page_alloc_init();

                pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
                parse_early_param();
            ...
                vfs_caches_init_early();
                sort_main_extable();
                trap_init();
                mm_init();
            ...

                /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
                rest_init();

        }

rest_init()创建了两个内核线程kernel_init和kthreadd：

        static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
        {
                int pid;

                rcu_scheduler_starting();
                /*
                 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
                 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
                 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
                 */
                kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
                numa_default_policy();
                pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
                rcu_read_lock();
                kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
                rcu_read_unlock();
                complete(&kthreadd_done);

                /*
                 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
                 * at least once to get things moving:
                 */
                init_idle_bootup_task(current);
                schedule_preempt_disabled();
                /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
                cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
        }

top命令可以看到kthreadd的pid为2

kernel_init后面会尝试装载init进程，并完成内核态到用户态的转换，形成用户态的祖先1号进程。

    static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
    {
        ...
            if (execute_command) {
                    if (!run_init_process(execute_command))
                            return 0;
                    pr_err("Failed to execute %s.  Attempting defaults...\n",
                            execute_command);
            }
            if (!run_init_process("/etc/preinit") ||
                !run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
                !run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
                !run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
                !run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
                    return 0;

            panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
                  "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
    }

execute_command为cmdline传递进来的init进程，不存在或运行失败后依次尝试运行：

    "/etc/preinit",     "/sbin/init",       "/etc/init",        "/bin/init",        "/bin/sh"

2. /etc/preinit 第一阶段

Kernel command line:

root=/dev/mtdblock11 rootfstype=squashfs init=/etc/preinit noinitrd console=ttyS0,115200 panic_debug crashkernel=4k@0x00A00000 RDCA=0x00A00400 rootsize=0x1000000 mem=128M@0x0 cpmem=36M@0x5c00000 ddr_mode=0 APMF=0 PROD=0

可见，用户态起始于/etc/preinit

#!/bin/sh
# Copyright (C) 2006 OpenWrt.org
# Copyright (C) 2010 Vertical Communications

[ -z "$PREINIT" ] && exec /sbin/init

export PATH=/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin

pi_ifname=
pi_ip=192.168.1.1
pi_broadcast=192.168.1.255
pi_netmask=255.255.255.0

fs_failsafe_ifname=
fs_failsafe_ip=192.168.1.1
fs_failsafe_broadcast=192.168.1.255
fs_failsafe_netmask=255.255.255.0

fs_failsafe_wait_timeout=0

pi_suppress_stderr="y"
pi_init_suppress_stderr="y"
pi_init_path="/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin"
pi_init_cmd="/sbin/init"

. /lib/functions.sh
. /lib/functions/preinit.sh
. /lib/functions/system.sh

boot_hook_init preinit_essential
boot_hook_init preinit_main
boot_hook_init failsafe
boot_hook_init initramfs
boot_hook_init preinit_mount_root

for pi_source_file in /lib/preinit/*; do
        . $pi_source_file
done

boot_run_hook preinit_essential

pi_mount_skip_next=false
pi_jffs2_mount_success=false
pi_failsafe_net_message=false

boot_run_hook preinit_main

/etc/preinit执行两次，如下：