EIGRP-2

封装
E2 IP eigrp
P=88
224.0.0.10

向EIGRP注入默认路由



  方法1：重分布静态

•  R1配有默认路由
•  重分布redistribute

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s2/1

R1(config-router)#redistribute static


方法2：network 0.0.0.0

• R1上配有默认路由
• network 0.0.0.0

方法3：ip default-network（做试验没成功，IOS也许不再支持）

• 全局配置命令 ip default-network 主类地址（外网）
• network 主类地址网段（外网）
• 本地有这个网段的路由，A类手动增加一条默认路由  ip route 12.0.0.0 255.0.0.0  null0（外网）

默认路由不一定都是 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0,带*的都是默认路由。

Route Summarization:Automatic

________________________________________

EIGRP Route Summarization:Automatic

Purpose:Smaller routing tables,smaller updates

Automatic summarization:

• On major network boundarles,subnetworks are  summarized to a single classful(major) netwokk.
• Automatic summarixaton occurs by default.
  

EIGRP Route Summarization:Manual

Manual summarization has the following characteristics:

• 
  
• When summarization is configured on an interface,the router immediately creates a route pointing to null0

                      ---Loop-prevention mechanism

• When the last specific route of the summary gose away,the summary is deleted .
• The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

示例：

interface Serial2/0
 ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 ip summary-address eigrp 90 199.9.8.0 255.255.252.0
 serial restart-delay 0

R1#show ip route 199.9.8.0 255.255.252.0   
Routing entry for 199.9.8.0/22, supernet  CIDR=supernet (小到大)、VLSM（大网到小网）
  Known via "eigrp 90", distance 5, metric 128256, type internal
  Redistributing via eigrp 90
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * directly connected, via Null0
      Route metric is 128256, traffic share count is 1
      Total delay is 5000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 8000000 Kbit
      Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1514 bytes
      Loading 1/255, Hops 0

_______

RTO updates R1不给回ack实验
在R1上应用      access-list 100 deny eigrp any any
                access-list 100 permit any any
EIGRP DUAL

• The DUAL finite state machine decision process is a follows:
• Tracks all routers advertised b neighbors
• Selects loop-free path using a successor and remembers and remembers any feasible successors
• If the successor is lost,users a feasible successor
• if there is no feasible successor,queries neighbors and recomputes a new successor

Successsor,FS

DUAL

弥散查询算法

EIGRP Load Balancing

*Routes with a metric equal to the minimum metric are Installed in the routing table(equal-cost load balancing).
*There can be up to six entries in the routing table for the same destination:

• --The number of entries is configurable.
• --The default is four.
• --Set to 1 to desable load balancing.

Successor's FD *V  >FS's          FD



router eigrp 90
 variance 2
  network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 21.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

IOU1#show ip eigrp topology
EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Table for AS(90)/ID(1.1.1.1)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
            r - reply Status, s - sia Status

P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
              via Connected, Serial2/1
P 2.2.2.0/24, 2 successors, FD is 2809856
        via 21.1.1.2 (2944000/128256), Ethernet0/0
        via 13.1.1.3 (2809856/2297856), Serial2/1
P 23.1.1.0/24, 2 successors, FD is 2195456
              via 13.1.1.3 (2681856/2169856), Serial2/1
              via 21.1.1.2 (4729856/2169856), Ethernet0/0
P 21.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2816000
              via Connected, Ethernet0/0
              via 13.1.1.3 (2707456/2195456), Serial2/1

IOU1#show ip eigrp topology all-links
EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Table for AS(90)/ID(1.1.1.1)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
            r - reply Status, s - sia Status

P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856, serno 1
              via Connected, Serial2/1
P 2.2.2.0/24, 2 successors, FD is 2809856, serno 13
        via 21.1.1.2 (2944000/128256), Ethernet0/0
        via 13.1.1.3 (2809856/2297856), Serial2/1
P 23.1.1.0/24, 2 successors, FD is 2195456, serno 14
              via 13.1.1.3 (2681856/2169856), Serial2/1
              via 21.1.1.2 (4729856/2169856), Ethernet0/0
P 21.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2816000, serno 11
              via Connected, Ethernet0/0
              via 13.1.1.3 (2707456/2195456), Serial2/1

IOU1#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
            D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
            N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
            E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
            i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
            ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
            o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
            a - application route
            + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

          1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C              1.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L              1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
          2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        2.2.2.0 [90/2944000] via 21.1.1.2, 00:04:54, Ethernet0/0
                 [90/2809856] via 13.1.1.3, 00:04:54, Serial2/1
          13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C              13.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/1
L              13.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial2/1
          21.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

IOU1#show ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0
Routing entry for 2.2.2.0/24
  Known via "eigrp 90", distance 90, metric 2809856, type internal
  Redistributing via eigrp 90
  Last update from 21.1.1.2 on Ethernet0/0, 00:06:16 ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
      21.1.1.2, from 21.1.1.2, 00:06:16 ago, via Ethernet0/0
          Route metric is 2944000, traffic share count is 229
          Total delay is 105000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 10000 Kbit
          Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes
          Loading 1/255, Hops 1
  * 13.1.1.3, from 13.1.1.3, 00:06:16 ago, via Serial2/1
          Route metric is 2809856, traffic share count is 240
          Total delay is 45000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit
          Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes
          Loading 1/255, Hops 2

EIGRP supports diffrernt WAN links:
--Point-to-point links
--NBMA
    *Multipoint links
    * Point-to-point links
EIGRP uses up to 50% of bandwidth by default;this bandwidth utilization can be changed.

bandwidth 5
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 90 200

EIGRP Query Process

• Queries are sent when a route is lost and no feasible successor is available.
• The lost route is now in active state.
• Queries are sent to all neighboring routers on all interfaces except the interface to the successor.
• If the neighbors do not have the lost-route  information, queries are sent to their neighbors.
• If a router has an alternate route,It answers the query; this stops the query from spreading in that branch of the netwrok.

EIGRP Query Process Stuck in Active

• The rouer has to get all the replies from the neighbors with an outstanding query before the router calculates the successor information.
• If any neighbor fails to reply to the query within 3 minutes by default,the route is SIA,and the router resets the neighbor  ralationship with the neighbor that fails to reply.

重置邻居关系3种情况：

1、hold超时

2、重传16次

3、SIA

SIA命令。

IOU1(config-router)#timers active-time ?
  <1-65535>  active state time limit in minutes
  disabled   disable time limit for active state

Limiting Updaes and Queries

EIGRP Query Range:Summarization

Auto or manual summarization is one of the best ways to bound queries.

It requires a good address allocation scheme.

EIGRP Stub 末节

EIGRP Peer Information Pacet with Stub Flag Set

IOU3#show run | b r e
router eigrp 90
 network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
 network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
 eigrp stub connected summary

IOU2#show ip eigrp neighbors detail
EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(90)
H   Address                 Interface              Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO  Q  Seq
                                                   (sec)         (ms)       Cnt Num
0   23.1.1.3                Se2/0                    13 00:52:42   11   100  0  33
   Version 18.0/2.0, Retrans: 1, Retries: 0
   Topology-ids from peer - 0
   Stub Peer Advertising (CONNECTED SUMMARY ) Routes
   Suppressing queries
Max Nbrs: 0, Current Nbrs: 0

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Configuring EIGRP Authentication

Router Authentication

Many routing protocols support authentication such that a router authenticates the source of eacch routing update packet that It recelves.

Simple password authentication si supported by:

--IS-IS

--OSPF

--RIPv2

MD5 authentication si supported by:

-- OSPF

-RIPv2

-BGP

-EIGRP

EIGRP 1、AS     2 、K3、Authentication

R3上配置

key chain R3

key 1

key-string cisco

interface Serial2/1
 ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
 ip authentication mode eigrp 90 md5
 ip authentication key-chain eigrp 90 R3
 serial restart-delay 0

R2上配置

key chain R2
key 1
key-string cisco

interface Serial2/0
 ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 ip authentication mode eigrp 90 md5
 ip authentication key-chain eigrp 90 R2
 serial restart-delay 0

1.被动接口

做优化

router eigrp 90
 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
 network 21.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
 network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
 passive-interface Loopback0

2、偏移列表（修改Metric）

access-list 1 permit 3.3.3.0

router eigrp 90
 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
 network 21.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
 network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
 offset-list 1 in 4 Serial2/0
 passive-interface Loopback0

offset-list 0 in  10 #对所有的路由都偏移10