Java class 初始化和实例化练习

类初始化

初始化时机:

初始化是执行 class 或 interface 的初始化方法 <init>, 以下内容来自 JVM 文档 ¹ :

• 当执行这些虚拟机指令时: new T, 存取 T 的静态变量/方法
• new, 静态资源相关的 MethodHandle 实例被调用
• 一些反射方法被调用. 例如 Class 的方法
• T(T 是 class) 的子类被初始化
• T(T 是 interface) 的实现类被初始化
• T 是JVM启动时的初始化类

以下内容来自 Java 文档 ² :

• T is a class and an instance of T is created.
• A static method declared by T is invoked.
• A static field declared by T is assigned.
• A static field declared by T is used and the field is not a constant variable (§4.12.4).
• T is a top level class (§7.6) and an assert statement (§14.10) lexically nested within T (§8.1.3) is executed.

循环依赖:

package com.lvw.jvm.init_class;

public class CircleInitializing {
   

    public static void main(String[] args) {
   
        int f = Sub.f;
    }

    static class Super {
   
        static int f = 1;   // 1
        static {
     // 2
            System.out.println("Super is initializing.");
            Sub.run();  // 3
            System.out.println("Super was initialized.");
        }
        static void run() {
   
            System.out.println("Super.run() was called.");
        }
    }

    static class Sub extends Super {
    // 4 recursive ini