数学小记之常用数值

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本文简单列举了一些常用数值,熟记这些数值可以方便我们进行数学运算

  • π \pi π 相关的数值想必大部分朋友都比较熟悉了:

π ≈ 3.14 π 2 ≈ 1.57 2 π ≈ 6.28 \begin{aligned} & \pi \approx 3.14 \\ & \frac{\pi}{2} \approx 1.57 \\ & 2\pi \approx 6.28 \end{aligned} π3.142π1.572π6.28

  • 自然数 e e e 的数值:

e ≈ 2.718 e \approx 2.718 e2.718

  • 一些常用的根号值:

1 = 1 2 ≈ 1.414 3 ≈ 1.732 4 = 2 5 ≈ 2.236 6 ≈ 2.44949 7 ≈ 2.64575 8 = 2 2 ≈ 2.828 9 = 3 10 ≈ 3.162 \begin{aligned} & \sqrt{1} = 1 \\ & \sqrt{2} \approx 1.414 \\ & \sqrt{3} \approx 1.732 \\ & \sqrt{4} = 2 \\ & \sqrt{5} \approx 2.236 \\ & \sqrt{6} \approx 2.44949 \\ & \sqrt{7} \approx 2.64575 \\ & \sqrt{8} = 2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828 \\ & \sqrt{9} = 3 \\ & \sqrt{10} \approx 3.162 \end{aligned} 1 =12 1.4143 1.7324 =25 2.2366 2.449497 2.645758 =22 2.8289 =310 3.162

  • 一些常用的三角函数值:

s i n ( 0 ) = s i n ( 0 ° ) = 0 s i n ( π 6 ) = s i n ( 30 ° ) = 0.5 s i n ( π 4 ) = s i n ( 45 ° ) = 2 2 ≈ 0.707 s i n ( π 3 ) = s i n ( 60 ° ) = 3 2 ≈ 0.866 s i n ( π 2 ) = s i n ( 90 ° ) = 1 s i n ( 2 π 3 ) = s i n ( 120 ° ) = 3 2 ≈ 0.866 s i n ( 5 π 6 ) = s i n ( 150 ° ) = 0.5 s i n ( π ) = s i n ( 180 ° ) = 0 c o s ( 0 ) = c o s ( 0 ° ) = 1 c o s ( π 6 ) = c o s ( 30 ° ) = 3 2 ≈ 0.866 c o s ( π 4 ) = c o s ( 45 ° ) = 2 2 ≈ 0.707 c o s ( π 3 ) = c o s ( 60 ° ) = 0.5 c o s ( π 2 ) = c o s ( 90 ° ) = 0 c o s ( 2 π 3 ) = c o s ( 120 ° ) = − 0.5 c o s ( 5 π 6 ) = c o s ( 150 ° ) = − 3 2 ≈ − 0.866 c o s ( π ) = c o s ( 180 ° ) = − 1 \begin{aligned} & sin(0) = sin(0\degree) = 0 \\ & sin(\frac{\pi}{6}) = sin(30\degree) = 0.5 \\ & sin(\frac{\pi}{4}) = sin(45\degree) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \approx 0.707 \\ & sin(\frac{\pi}{3}) = sin(60\degree) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \approx 0.866 \\ & sin(\frac{\pi}{2}) = sin(90\degree) = 1 \\ & sin(\frac{2\pi}{3}) = sin(120\degree) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \approx 0.866 \\ & sin(\frac{5\pi}{6}) = sin(150\degree) = 0.5 \\ & sin(\pi) = sin(180\degree) = 0 \\ \\\hline \\ & cos(0) = cos(0\degree) = 1 \\ & cos(\frac{\pi}{6}) = cos(30\degree) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \approx 0.866 \\ & cos(\frac{\pi}{4}) = cos(45\degree) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \approx 0.707 \\ & cos(\frac{\pi}{3}) = cos(60\degree) = 0.5 \\ & cos(\frac{\pi}{2}) = cos(90\degree) = 0 \\ & cos(\frac{2\pi}{3}) = cos(120\degree) = -0.5 \\ & cos(\frac{5\pi}{6}) = cos(150\degree) = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \approx -0.866 \\ & cos(\pi) = cos(180\degree) = -1 \end{aligned} sin(0)=sin(0°)=0sin(6π)=sin(30°)=0.5sin(4π)=sin(45°)=22 0.707sin(3π)=sin(60°)=23 0.866sin(2π)=sin(90°)=1sin(32π)=sin(120°)=23 0.866sin(65π)=sin(150°)=0.5sin(π)=sin(180°)=0cos(0)=cos(0°)=1cos(6π)=cos(30°)=23 0.866cos(4π)=cos(45°)=22 0.707cos(3π)=cos(60°)=0.5cos(2π)=cos(90°)=0cos(32π)=cos(120°)=0.5cos(65π)=cos(150°)=23 0.866cos(π)=cos(180°)=1

  • 两个常用的对数值:

l o g 10 2 ≈ 0.3010 l o g 10 3 ≈ 0.4771 \begin{aligned} & log_{10}2 \approx 0.3010 \\ & log_{10}3 \approx 0.4771 \end{aligned} log1020.3010log1030.4771

  • 2 2 2 的幂次在计算机领域应该是最常见的了~

2 0 = 1 2 1 = 2 2 2 = 4 2 3 = 8 2 4 = 16 2 5 = 32 2 6 = 64 2 7 = 128 2 8 = 256 2 9 = 512 2 10 = 1024 2 11 = 2048 2 12 = 4096 2 13 = 8192 2 14 = 16384 2 15 = 32768 2 16 = 65536 \begin{aligned} & 2^0 = 1 \\ & 2^1 = 2 \\ & 2^2 = 4 \\ & 2^3 = 8 \\ & 2^4 = 16 \\ & 2^5 = 32 \\ & 2^6 = 64 \\ & 2^7 = 128 \\ & 2^8 = 256 \\ & 2^9 = 512 \\ & 2^{10} = 1024 \\ & 2^{11} = 2048 \\ & 2^{12} = 4096 \\ & 2^{13} = 8192 \\ & 2^{14} = 16384 \\ & 2^{15} = 32768 \\ & 2^{16} = 65536 \\ \end{aligned} 20=121=222=423=824=1625=3226=6427=12828=25629=512210=1024211=2048212=4096213=8192214=16384215=32768216=65536

有时候出于方便,遇到 2 10 2^{10} 210 时,我们可以近似的将其当作 1000 1000 1000 来进行处理,譬如估算内存占用时我们得到了 1000 K B 1000KB 1000KB 大小的数值,则可以近似认为是 1 M B 1MB 1MB(实际而言, 1 M B 1MB 1MB 应该等于 1024 K B ( 2 10 K B ) 1024KB(2^{10}KB) 1024KB(210KB))

  • 0 0 0 20 20 20 的平方数也很常用~

0 2 = 0 1 2 = 2 2 2 = 4 3 2 = 9 4 2 = 16 5 2 = 25 6 2 = 36 7 2 = 49 8 2 = 64 9 2 = 81 1 0 2 = 100 1 1 2 = 121 1 2 2 = 144 1 3 2 = 169 1 4 2 = 196 1 5 2 = 225 1 6 2 = 256 1 7 2 = 289 1 8 2 = 324 1 9 2 = 361 2 0 2 = 400 \begin{aligned} & 0^2 = 0 \\ & 1^2 = 2 \\ & 2^2 = 4 \\ & 3^2 = 9 \\ & 4^2 = 16 \\ & 5^2 = 25 \\ & 6^2 = 36 \\ & 7^2 = 49 \\ & 8^2 = 64 \\ & 9^2 = 81 \\ & 10^2 = 100 \\ & 11^2 = 121 \\ & 12^2 = 144 \\ & 13^2 = 169 \\ & 14^2 = 196 \\ & 15^2 = 225 \\ & 16^2 = 256 \\ & 17^2 = 289 \\ & 18^2 = 324 \\ & 19^2 = 361 \\ & 20^2 = 400 \\ \end{aligned} 02=012=222=432=942=1652=2562=3672=4982=6492=81102=100112=121122=144132=169142=196152=225162=256172=289182=324192=361202=400

番外

求解个位数为 5 5 5 的数值(譬如 65 65 65)的平方有个小技巧,可以加速我们的运算:

65 65 65 为例,这个数字的十位数字为 6 6 6,我们首先计算 6 6 6 ( 6 + 1 ) (6 + 1) (6+1) 的乘积

6 ∗ 7 = 42 6 * 7 = 42 67=42

再将计算得到的 42 42 42 25 25 25 组合( 42 ∣ 25 42|25 4225),即可得 65 65 65 的平方

6 5 2 = 42 ∣ 25 65^2 = 42|25 652=4225

总结一下上面的规则就是: 对于形如 a 5 a5 a5(即 10 ∗ a + 5 10 * a + 5 10a+5) 这种形式的数字,我们有:

( 10 ∗ a + 5 ) 2 = a ∗ ( a + 1 ) ∗ 100 + 25 (10 * a + 5)^2 = a * (a + 1) * 100 + 25 (10a+5)2=a(a+1)100+25



有兴趣的朋友可以评论补充更多的常用数值~

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