reactor原理与实现

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-19 10:26:31 发布

tlxddup

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-19 10:26:31 发布

阅读量151

点赞数

分类专栏：网络文章标签： tcp/ip

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tlxddup/article/details/126086623

版权

网络专栏收录该内容

9 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

本文详细介绍了Reactor事件驱动机制，对比了它与普通函数调用的区别。通过一个具体的Epoll实现展示了Reactor如何通过事件多路分发器、事件源、反应器和事件处理器来管理事件。文中还给出了C语言实现的Epoll Reactor模型，包括接收、发送和监听客户端连接的回调函数，展示了在服务器端如何处理网络I/O事件。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

主要是巩固零声学院king老师讲的知识

一般函数调用机制：

1：程序调用函数接口

2：函数执行

3：函数返回值给程序

Reactor名字上含义：“反应堆”
是一种事件驱动机制。和普通函数调用的不同之处在于：应用程序不是主动的调用某个API完成处理，而是恰恰相反，Reactor逆置了事件处理流程，应用程序需要提供相应的接口并注册到
Reactor上，如果相应的事件发生，Reactor将主动调用应用程序注册的接口，这些接口又称为，“回调函数”。

Reactor主要组件:

event demultiplexer(事件多路分发器)：即一些I/O复用机制,如select、poll、epoll等。程序将事件源及事件注册到分发器上,等该事件触发时,就可以进行对应的处理了。比如epoll，当某个人fd有数据到达时，就会调用相应的接收函数来处理。

handle(事件源):用于识别每一个事件,在linux上是文件描述符。

reactor(反应器):它用于管理事件的调度以及注册删除事件等。当有激活的事件时,则调用其回调函数处理,如果没有的话,就运行事件主循环。

event handler(事件处理器):管理已经注册的事件和已经激活等待调度的事件,并分成了不同类型的事件(如读/写、信号),当事件发生时,会提供对应的处理程序。比如接收数据时，就调用接受函数，里面是实现接收的逻辑。

具体实现

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
 
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define BUFFER_LENGTH       4096
#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS    1024
#define SERVER_PORT         8888
 
typedef int NCALLBACK(int ,int, void*);
 
struct ntyevent {
    int fd;
    int events;
    void *arg;
    int (*callback)(int fd, int events, void *arg);
     
    int status;
    char buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH];
    int length;
    long last_active;
};
 
 
 
struct ntyreactor {
    int epfd;
    struct ntyevent *events;
};
 
 
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
 
 
void nty_event_set(struct ntyevent *ev, int fd, NCALLBACK callback, void *arg) {
 
    ev->fd = fd;
    ev->callback = callback;
    ev->events = 0;
    ev->arg = arg;
    ev->last_active = time(NULL);
 
    return ;
     
}
 
 
int nty_event_add(int epfd, int events, struct ntyevent *ev) {
 
    struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
    ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
    ep_ev.events = ev->events = events;
 
    int op;
    if (ev->status == 1) {
        op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
    } else {
        op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD;
        ev->status = 1;
    }
 
    if (epoll_ctl(epfd, op, ev->fd, &ep_ev) < 0) {
        printf("event add failed [fd=%d], events[%d]\n", ev->fd, events);
        return -1;
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
int nty_event_del(int epfd, struct ntyevent *ev) {
 
    struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
 
    if (ev->status != 1) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
    ev->status = 0;
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &ep_ev);
 
    return 0;
}
 
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {
 
    struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
    struct ntyevent *ev = reactor->events+fd;
 
    int len = recv(fd, ev->buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, 0);
    nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
 
    if (len > 0) {
         
        ev->length = len;
        ev->buffer[len] = '\0';
 
        printf("C[%d]:%s\n", fd, ev->buffer);
 
        nty_event_set(ev, fd, send_cb, reactor);
        nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLOUT, ev);
         
         
    } else if (len == 0) {
 
        close(ev->fd);
        printf("[fd=%d] pos[%ld], closed\n", fd, ev-reactor->events);
          
    } else {
 
        close(ev->fd);
        printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s\n", fd, errno, strerror(errno));
         
    }
 
    return len;
}
 
 
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {
 
    struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
    struct ntyevent *ev = reactor->events+fd;//得到相应的事件
 
    int len = send(fd, ev->buffer, ev->length, 0);
    if (len > 0) {
        printf("send[fd=%d], [%d]%s\n", fd, len, ev->buffer);
 
        nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
        nty_event_set(ev, fd, recv_cb, reactor);
        nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, ev);
         
    } else {
 
        close(ev->fd);
 
        nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
        printf("send[fd=%d] error %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
 
    }
 
    return len;
}
 
int accept_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {
 
    struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
    if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
 
    struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);
 
    int clientfd;
 
    if ((clientfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len)) == -1) {
        if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
             
        }
        printf("accept: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }
 
    int i = 0;
    do {
         
        for (i = 3;i < MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS;i ++) {
            if (reactor->events[i].status == 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i == MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) {
            printf("%s: max connect limit[%d]\n", __func__, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
            break;
        }
 
        int flag = 0;
        if ((flag = fcntl(clientfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {
            printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed, %d\n", __func__, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
            break;
        }
 
        nty_event_set(&reactor->events[clientfd], clientfd, recv_cb, reactor);
        nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, &reactor->events[clientfd]);
 
    } while (0);
 
    printf("new connect [%s:%d][time:%ld], pos[%d]\n", 
        inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port), reactor->events[i].last_active, i);
 
    return 0;
 
}
 
int init_sock(short port) {
 
    int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
 
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
 
    bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
 
    if (listen(fd, 20) < 0) {
        printf("listen failed : %s\n", strerror(errno));
    }
 
    return fd;
}
 
 
int ntyreactor_init(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {
 
    if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
    memset(reactor, 0, sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
 
    reactor->epfd = epoll_create(1);
    if (reactor->epfd <= 0) {
        printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
        return -2;
    }
 
    reactor->events = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
    if (reactor->events == NULL) {
        printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
        close(reactor->epfd);
        return -3;
    }
}
 
int ntyreactor_destory(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {
 
    close(reactor->epfd);
    free(reactor->events);
 
}
 
 
 
int ntyreactor_addlistener(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd, NCALLBACK *acceptor) {
 
    if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
    if (reactor->events == NULL) return -1;
 
    nty_event_set(&reactor->events[sockfd], sockfd, acceptor, reactor);//主要是保存其回调函数与相应的fd到事件结构体中
    nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, &reactor->events[sockfd]);//将相应的fd添加到epoll当中,
 
    return 0;
}
 
 
 
int ntyreactor_run(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {
    if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
    if (reactor->epfd < 0) return -1;
    if (reactor->events == NULL) return -1;
     
    struct epoll_event events[MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS+1];
     
    int checkpos = 0, i;
 
    while (1) {
 
        long now = time(NULL);
        for (i = 0;i < 100;i ++, checkpos ++) {
            if (checkpos == MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) {
                checkpos = 0;
            }
 
            if (reactor->events[checkpos].status != 1) {
                continue;
            }
 
            long duration = now - reactor->events[checkpos].last_active;
 
            if (duration >= 60) {
                close(reactor->events[checkpos].fd);
                printf("[fd=%d] timeout\n", reactor->events[checkpos].fd);
                nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, &reactor->events[checkpos]);
            }
        }
 
 
        int nready = epoll_wait(reactor->epfd, events, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS, 1000);//监听相应的事件
        if (nready < 0) {
            printf("epoll_wait error, exit\n");
            continue;
        }
 
        for (i = 0;i < nready;i ++) {
 
            struct ntyevent *ev = (struct ntyevent*)events[i].data.ptr;
 
            if ((events[i].events & EPOLLIN) && (ev->events & EPOLLIN)) {
                ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);//调用相应的回调函数，进行读
            }
            if ((events[i].events & EPOLLOUT) && (ev->events & EPOLLOUT)) {
                ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);//调用相应的回调函数，进行写
            }
             
        }
 
    }
}
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
    unsigned short port = SERVER_PORT;
    if (argc == 2) {
        port = atoi(argv[1]);
    }
 
    int sockfd = init_sock(port);
 
    struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)malloc(sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
    ntyreactor_init(reactor);//初始化reactor,里面主要包含epoll的fd和相应的事件
     
    ntyreactor_addlistener(reactor, sockfd, accept_cb);//注册listenerfd事件
    ntyreactor_run(reactor);
 
    ntyreactor_destory(reactor);
    close(sockfd);
    
    return 0;
}