首先明白两个概念:
1. 深度遍历包括前中后序遍历三种;
2. 广度优先遍历就是层次遍历。
PS:
前中后序遍历,如果使用递归遍历,都很简单易理解;
如果使用非递归方式,首先想到的就应该是使用栈结构来控制整个过程,因为递归也是利用栈来实现的;
前中后序遍历的非递归方式中,后序遍历的非递归方式相比较而言,略复杂。
直接上代码:
#include "stdlib.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
struct BinaryTreeNode
{
int value;
BinaryTreeNode* leftChild;
BinaryTreeNode* rightChild;
};
/*
前序遍历递归方式
步骤:
1.先处理当前节点
2.递归处理完左支
3.递归处理右支
*/
void PreOrderRecursive(BinaryTreeNode* parent)
{
if(NULL == parent)
return;
cout<<parent->value<<" ";
PreOrderRecursive(parent->leftChild);
PreOrderRecursive(parent->rightChild);
}
/*
前序遍历非递归方式
说明:
nodeStack栈用来记录未遍历的节点,而且节点的左右孩子也未遍历。所以遍历结束条件是栈空
((想什么时候可以出栈(被遍历),因为是先序遍历,所以只要在栈顶,输出即可,再处理左右孩子))
1.栈不空,则把栈顶元素出栈,并把其右左孩子依次压栈。这个顺序保证了,先父亲、后左孩子、最后右孩子的顺序
*/
void PreOrderStack(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (NULL == root)
return;
stack<BinaryTreeNode*> nodeStack;
BinaryTreeNode* pNode = NULL;
nodeStack.push(root);
while(!nodeStack.empty())
{
pNode = nodeStack.top();
nodeStack.pop();
cout<<pNode->value<<" ";
if(NULL != pNode->rightChild)
nodeStack.push(pNode->rightChild);
if(NULL != pNode->leftChild)
nodeStack.push(pNode->leftChild);
}
}
/*
中序遍历递归方式
步骤:
1.先递归处理完左支
2.再处理当前节点
3.最后递归处理右支
*/
void InOrderRecursive(BinaryTreeNode* parent)
{
if(NULL == parent)
return;
InOrderRecursive(parent->leftChild);
cout<<parent->value<<" ";
InOrderRecursive(parent->rightChild);
}
/*
中序遍历非递归方式
说明:
nodeStack栈用来记录未遍历的节点,而且节点的左右孩子也未遍历。遍历结束条件是栈空且当前节点无效。
((想什么时候可以出栈,肯定是左支已经处理完了,栈顶的才可以出栈,而且出栈之后马上处理右孩子节点))
1.中序遍历输出当前节点前,应把左支所有节点遍历完毕。所以第一步就是循环查找最左下节点,并依次压栈,直到找到最左下节点(没有左孩子)
2.中序是(左中右),既然没有左孩子,则可以直接出当前节点(在栈顶)
3.然后从第一步循环处理当前节点的右孩子
*/
void InOrderStack(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (NULL == root)
return;
stack<BinaryTreeNode*> nodeStack;
BinaryTreeNode* pNode = root;
while(NULL != pNode || !nodeStack.empty())
{
while(NULL != pNode)
{
nodeStack.push(pNode);
pNode = pNode->leftChild;
}
/*
if (nodeStack.empty())
return;
不需要此检测
1. 外层while条件如果是pNode不空,会进内层while,则nodeStack肯定不空;
2. 外层while条件如果是nodeStack不空,更不需要此检测了。
*/
pNode = nodeStack.top();
cout<<pNode->value<<" ";
nodeStack.pop();
pNode = pNode->rightChild;
}
}
/*
后序遍历递归方式
步骤:
1.先递归处理完左支
2.再递归处理完右支
3.最后处理当前节点
*/
void PostOrderRecursive(BinaryTreeNode* parent)
{
if(NULL == parent)
return;
PostOrderRecursive(parent->leftChild);
PostOrderRecursive(parent->rightChild);
cout<<parent->value<<" ";
}
/*
后序遍历非递归方式
步骤:
nodeStack栈用来记录未遍历的节点,而且节点的左孩子或右孩子也未遍历。遍历结束条件是栈空。
((想什么时候可以出栈,1.没有左右孩子的可以出;2.有左右孩子,且左右孩子已经被遍历输出了,也可以出栈))
用preNode记录最近遍历输出的节点
1.检查是不是满足输出条件,如果满足,则输出;
2.不满足,则说明有左或右孩子,且没被遍历,所以先把孩子压栈做处理,处理完之后再说当前节点的事情
*/
void PostOrderStack(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (NULL == root)
return;
stack<BinaryTreeNode*> nodeStack;
BinaryTreeNode* pNode = NULL;
BinaryTreeNode* preNode = NULL;
nodeStack.push(root);
while(!nodeStack.empty())
{
pNode = nodeStack.top();
if ((NULL == pNode->leftChild && NULL == pNode->rightChild)
|| (preNode!=NULL && (preNode == pNode->leftChild || preNode == pNode->rightChild)))
{
cout<<pNode->value<<" ";
nodeStack.pop();
preNode = pNode;
}
else
{
if (NULL != pNode->rightChild)
nodeStack.push(pNode->rightChild);
if (NULL != pNode->leftChild)
nodeStack.push(pNode->leftChild);
}
}
}
/*
宽度优先遍历,层次遍历
步骤:
队列用来记录未遍历的节点,而且节点的左孩子或右孩子也未遍历。如果队列空,则说明遍历结束。
((想一想层次遍历就是,同层孙子辈的最后依次输出,同层叔父辈的依次输出,同层爷爷辈的依次输出;而且是辈份越长,越先输出;同层即同辈份的必须挨着,队列可以满足))
1.输出队头的节点;
2.把队头节点的儿子们赶紧地送到队尾去排队(因为叔父辈的在队列里挨着,所以保证了叔父辈的儿子们这一辈在队列里也是挨着的)
*/
void BreadthFirst(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (NULL == root)
return;
queue<BinaryTreeNode*> nodeQueue;
BinaryTreeNode* pNode = NULL;
nodeQueue.push(root);
while(!nodeQueue.empty())
{
pNode = nodeQueue.front();
cout<<pNode->value<<" ";
nodeQueue.pop();
if (NULL != pNode->leftChild)
nodeQueue.push(pNode->leftChild);
if (NULL != pNode->rightChild)
nodeQueue.push(pNode->rightChild);
}
}
// 测试
int main()
{
// 空树
BinaryTreeNode* nullTree = NULL;;
// 单节点树
BinaryTreeNode singleNode;
singleNode.value = 1;
singleNode.leftChild = NULL;
singleNode.rightChild = NULL;
// 左支树
BinaryTreeNode leftSideTree;
leftSideTree.value = 1;
BinaryTreeNode leftSideNode2;
leftSideNode2.value = 2;
BinaryTreeNode leftSideNode3;
leftSideNode3.value = 3;
leftSideTree.leftChild = &leftSideNode2;
leftSideTree.rightChild = NULL;
leftSideNode2.leftChild = &leftSideNode3;
leftSideNode2.rightChild = NULL;
leftSideNode3.rightChild = NULL;
leftSideNode3.leftChild = NULL;
// 右支树
BinaryTreeNode rightSideTree;
rightSideTree.value = 1;
BinaryTreeNode rightSideNode2;
rightSideNode2.value = 2;
BinaryTreeNode rightSideNode3;
rightSideNode3.value = 3;
rightSideTree.leftChild = NULL;
rightSideTree.rightChild = &rightSideNode2;
rightSideNode2.leftChild = NULL;
rightSideNode2.rightChild = &rightSideNode3;
rightSideNode3.leftChild = NULL;
rightSideNode3.rightChild = NULL;
// 完全二叉树
BinaryTreeNode completeBinaryTree;
completeBinaryTree.value = 1;
BinaryTreeNode btNode2;
btNode2.value = 2;
BinaryTreeNode btNode3;
btNode3.value = 3;
BinaryTreeNode btNode4;
btNode4.value = 4;
BinaryTreeNode btNode5;
btNode5.value = 5;
BinaryTreeNode btNode6;
btNode6.value = 6;
BinaryTreeNode btNode7;
btNode7.value = 7;
completeBinaryTree.leftChild = &btNode2;
completeBinaryTree.rightChild = &btNode5;
btNode2.leftChild = &btNode3;
btNode2.rightChild = &btNode4;
btNode3.leftChild = NULL;
btNode3.rightChild = NULL;
btNode4.leftChild = NULL;
btNode4.rightChild = NULL;
btNode5.leftChild = &btNode6;
btNode5.rightChild = &btNode7;
btNode6.leftChild = NULL;
btNode6.rightChild = NULL;
btNode7.leftChild = NULL;
btNode7.rightChild = NULL;
cout<<endl<<"nullTree";
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderRecursive:";
PreOrderRecursive(nullTree);
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderStack:";
PreOrderStack(nullTree);
cout<<endl<<"InOrderRecursive:";
InOrderRecursive(nullTree);
cout<<endl<<"InOrdeStack:";
InOrderStack(nullTree);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderRecursive:";
PostOrderRecursive(nullTree);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderStack:";
PostOrderStack(nullTree);
cout<<endl<<"BreadthFirst:";
BreadthFirst(nullTree);
cout<<endl;
cout<<endl<<"singleTree";
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderRecursive:";
PreOrderRecursive(&singleNode);
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderStack:";
PreOrderStack(&singleNode);
cout<<endl<<"InOrderRecursive:";
InOrderRecursive(&singleNode);
cout<<endl<<"InOrdeStack:";
InOrderStack(&singleNode);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderRecursive:";
PostOrderRecursive(&singleNode);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderStack:";
PostOrderStack(&singleNode);
cout<<endl<<"BreadthFirst:";
BreadthFirst(&singleNode);
cout<<endl;
cout<<endl<<"leftSideTree";
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderRecursive:";
PreOrderRecursive(&leftSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderStack:";
PreOrderStack(&leftSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"InOrderRecursive:";
InOrderRecursive(&leftSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"InOrdeStack:";
InOrderStack(&leftSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderRecursive:";
PostOrderRecursive(&leftSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderStack:";
PostOrderStack(&leftSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"BreadthFirst:";
BreadthFirst(&leftSideTree);
cout<<endl;
cout<<endl<<"rightSideTree";
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderRecursive:";
PreOrderRecursive(&rightSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderStack:";
PreOrderStack(&rightSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"InOrderRecursive:";
InOrderRecursive(&rightSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"InOrdeStack:";
InOrderStack(&rightSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderRecursive:";
PostOrderRecursive(&rightSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderStack:";
PostOrderStack(&rightSideTree);
cout<<endl<<"BreadthFirst:";
BreadthFirst(&rightSideTree);
cout<<endl;
cout<<endl<<"completeBinaryTree";
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderRecursive:";
PreOrderRecursive(&completeBinaryTree);
cout<<endl<<"PreOrderStack:";
PreOrderStack(&completeBinaryTree);
cout<<endl<<"InOrderRecursive:";
InOrderRecursive(&completeBinaryTree);
cout<<endl<<"InOrdeStack:";
InOrderStack(&completeBinaryTree);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderRecursive:";
PostOrderRecursive(&completeBinaryTree);
cout<<endl<<"PostOrderStack:";
PostOrderStack(&completeBinaryTree);
cout<<endl<<"BreadthFirst:";
BreadthFirst(&completeBinaryTree);
cout<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
欢迎各种指正、交流!