Python练习 Chapter 9

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-02 13:00:43 发布

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9-1 餐馆：创建一个名为 Restaurant 的类，其方法 __init__() 设置两个属性： restaurant_name 和 cuisine_type 。创建一个名为 describe_restaurant() 的方法和一个名为 open_restaurant() 的方法，其中前者打印前述两项信息，而后者打印一条消息，指出餐馆正在营业。

根据这个类创建一个名为restaurant 的实例，分别打印其两个属性，再调用前述两个方法。

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name)
        print('Main: ' + self.cuisine_type.title())

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name + ' is running now.')

McD = Restaurant("McDonald's", 'Western fast food')
print(McD.restaurant_name)
print(McD.cuisine_type)
McD.describe_restaurant()
McD.open_restaurant()

结果：

McDonald's
Western fast food
McDonald's
Main: Western Fast Food
McDonald's is running now.

9-2 三家餐馆：根据你为完成练习9-1而编写的类创建三个实例，并对每个实例调用方法describe_restaurant() 。

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name)
        print('Main: ' + self.cuisine_type.title())

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name + ' is running now.')

McD = Restaurant("McDonald's", 'Western fast food')
ham = Restaurant("Burger's King", 'hamburger')
panda = Restaurant("Panda's Express", 'Chinese fast food')

McD.describe_restaurant()
McD.open_restaurant()
print()

ham.describe_restaurant()
ham.open_restaurant()
print()

panda.describe_restaurant()
panda.open_restaurant()
print()

结果：

McDonald's
Main: Western Fast Food
McDonald's is running now.

Burger's King
Main: Hamburger
Burger's King is running now.

Panda's Express
Main: Chinese Fast Food
Panda's Express is running now.

9-3 用户：创建一个名为 User 的类，其中包含属性 first_name 和 last_name ，还有用户简介通常会存储的其他几个属性。在类 User 中定义一个名为 describe_user() 的方法，它打印用户信息摘要；再定义一个名为 greet_user() 的方法，它向用户发出个性化的问候。
创建多个表示不同用户的实例，并对每个实例都调用上述两个方法。

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age

    def describe_user(self):
        print('\nInformation:')
        print('\tName: ' + self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name)
        print('\tAge: ' + str(self.age))

    def greet_user(self):
        print('\nHello, ' + self.first_name + '.')
        print('Nice to meet you!')

me = User('Toffc', 'Chan', 20)
friend = User('David', 'Anthony', 30)

me.describe_user()
me.greet_user()

friend.describe_user()
friend.greet_user()

结果：

Information:
	Name: Toffc Chan
	Age: 20

Hello, Toffc.
Nice to meet you!

Information:
	Name: David Anthony
	Age: 30

Hello, David.
Nice to meet you!

9-4 就餐人数：在为完成练习9-1而编写的程序中，添加一个名为number_served 的属性，并将其默认值设置为0。根据这个类创建一个名为restaurant 的实例；打印有多少人在这家餐馆就餐过，然后修改这个值并再次打印它。

添加一个名为set_number_served() 的方法，它让你能够设置就餐人数。调用这个方法并向它传递一个值，然后再次打印这个值。

添加一个名为increment_number_served() 的方法，它让你能够将就餐人数递增。调用这个方法并向它传递一个这样的值：你认为这家餐馆每天可能接待的就餐人数。

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name)
        print('Main: ' + self.cuisine_type.title())
        print("Served customer number: " + str(self.number_served))

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name + ' is running now.')

    def set_number_served(self, number):
        self.number_served = number

    def describe_number(self):
        print("\nServed customer number: " + str(self.number_served))

    def increment_number_served(self):
        self.number_served += 1


restaurant = Restaurant('Panda Express', 'Fast Chinese Food')
restaurant.describe_number()

restaurant.number_served = 5
restaurant.describe_number()

restaurant.set_number_served(8)
restaurant.describe_number()

while restaurant.number_served < 108:
    restaurant.increment_number_served()
restaurant.describe_number()

结果：

Served customer number: 0

Served customer number: 5

Served customer number: 8

Served customer number: 108

9-5 尝试登录次数：在为完成练习9-3而编写的User 类中，添加一个名为login_attempts 的属性。编写一个名为increment_login_attempts() 的方法，它将属性login_attempts 的值加1。再编写一个名为reset_login_attempts() 的方法，它将属性login_attempts 的值重置为0。
根据User 类创建一个实例，再调用方法increment_login_attempts() 多次。打印属性login_attempts 的值，确认它被正确地递增；然后，调用方法reset_login_attempts() ，并再次打印属性login_attempts 的值，确认它被重置为0。

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.login_attempts = 0

    def describe_user(self):
        print('\nInformation:')
        print('\tName: ' + self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name)
        print('\tAge: ' + str(self.age))

    def greet_user(self):
        print('\nHello, ' + self.first_name + '.')
        print('Nice to meet you!')

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0


friend = User('David', 'Anthony', 30)
for i in range(10):
    friend.increment_login_attempts()
    print('Login attempt(s):' + str(friend.login_attempts))
friend.reset_login_attempts()
print('Login attempt(s):' + str(friend.login_attempts))

结果：

Login attempt(s):1
Login attempt(s):2
Login attempt(s):3
Login attempt(s):4
Login attempt(s):5
Login attempt(s):6
Login attempt(s):7
Login attempt(s):8
Login attempt(s):9
Login attempt(s):10
Login attempt(s):0

9-6 冰淇淋小店：冰淇淋小店是一种特殊的餐馆。编写一个名为IceCreamStand 的类，让它继承你为完成练习9-1或练习9-4而编写的Restaurant 类。这两个版本的Restaurant 类都可以，挑选你更喜欢的那个即可。添加一个名为flavors 的属性，用于存储一个由各种口味的冰淇淋组成的列表。编写一个显示这些冰淇淋的方法。创建一个IceCreamStand 实例，并调用这个方法。

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name)
        print('Main: ' + self.cuisine_type.title())
        print("Served customer number: " + str(self.number_served))

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name + ' is running now.')

    def set_number_served(self, number):
        self.number_served = number

    def describe_number(self):
        print("\nServed customer number: " + str(self.number_served))

    def increment_number_served(self):
        self.number_served += 1


class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        super().__init__(restaurant_name, cuisine_type)
        self.flavors = ['strawberry', 'pineapple', 'watermelon', 'vanilla']

    def describe_flavors(self):
        print("Here're all the flavors sold in the store:\n\t", end = '')
        print(self.flavors)


IceCreamStand = IceCreamStand('Ice Cream Factory', 'Desserts')
IceCreamStand.describe_flavors()

结果：

Here're all the flavors sold in the store:
	['strawberry', 'pineapple', 'watermelon', 'vanilla']

9-7 管理员：管理员是一种特殊的用户。编写一个名为Admin 的类，让它继承你为完成练习9-3或练习9-5而编写的User 类。添加一个名为privileges 的属性，用于存储一个由字符串（如"can add post" 、 "can delete post" 、 "can ban user" 等）组成的列表。编写一个名为show_privileges() 的方法，显示管理员的权限。创建一个Admin 实例，并调用这个方法。

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.login_attempts = 0

    def describe_user(self):
        print('\nInformation:')
        print('\tName: ' + self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name)
        print('\tAge: ' + str(self.age))

    def greet_user(self):
        print('\nHello, ' + self.first_name + '.')
        print('Nice to meet you!')

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0


class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age)
        self.privileges = ["can add post", "can delete post", "can ban user"]

    def show_privileges(self):
        print("Here're all the privileges of ADMIN:\n\t", end = '')
        print(self.privileges)


Admin = Admin('Toffc', 'Chan', 28)
Admin.show_privileges()

结果：

Here're all the privileges of ADMIN:
	['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']

9-8 权限：编写一个名为Privileges 的类，它只有一个属性——privileges ，其中存储了练习9-7 所说的字符串列表。将方法show_privileges() 移到这个类中。在Admin 类中，将一个Privileges 实例用作其属性。创建一个Admin 实例，并使用方法show_privileges() 来显示其权限。

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.login_attempts = 0

    def describe_user(self):
        print('\nInformation:')
        print('\tName: ' + self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name)
        print('\tAge: ' + str(self.age))

    def greet_user(self):
        print('\nHello, ' + self.first_name + '.')
        print('Nice to meet you!')

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0


class Privileges():
    def __init__(self):
        self.privileges = ["can add post", "can delete post", "can ban user"]
    
    def show_privileges(self):
        print("Here're all the privileges of ADMIN:\n\t", end = '')
        print(self.privileges)


class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age)
        self.privileges = Privileges()
        
Admin = Admin('Toffc', 'Chan', 28)
Admin.privileges.show_privileges()

结果：

Here're all the privileges of ADMIN:
	['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']

9-9 电瓶升级：在本节最后一个 electric_car.py 版本中，给 Battery 类添加一个名为 upgrade_battery() 的方法。这个方法检查电瓶容量，如果它不是 85 ，就将它设置为 85 。创建一辆电瓶容量为默认值的电动汽车，调用方法 get_range() ，然后对电瓶进行升级，并再次调用 get_range() 。你会看到这辆汽车的续航里程增加了。

class Car():
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name.title()
    
    def read_odometer(self):
        print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
    
    def update_odometer(self, mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
    
    def increment_odometer(self, miles):
        self.odometer_reading += miles


class Battery():
    """一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试"""
    def __init__(self, battery_size=70):
        """初始化电瓶的属性"""
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")

    def get_range(self):
        """打印一条消息， 指出电瓶的续航里程"""
        if self.battery_size == 70:
            range = 240
        elif self.battery_size == 85:
            range = 270
        message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
        message += " miles on a full charge."
        print(message)

    def upgrade_battery(self):
        if self.battery_size != 85:
            self.battery_size = 85


class ElectricCar(Car):
    """电动汽车的独特之处"""
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """
        初始化父类的属性， 再初始化电动汽车特有的属性
        """
        super().__init__(make, model, year)
        self.battery = Battery()


my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016)
my_tesla.battery.get_range()
my_tesla.battery.upgrade_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range()

结果：

This car can go approximately 240 miles on a full charge.
This car can go approximately 270 miles on a full charge.

9-10 导入Restaurant 类：将最新的Restaurant 类存储在一个模块中。在另一个文件中，导入Restaurant 类，创建一个Restaurant 实例，并调用Restaurant 的一个方法，以确认import 语句正确无误。

restaurant.py

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name)
        print('Main: ' + self.cuisine_type.title())
        print("Served customer number: " + str(self.number_served))

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name + ' is running now.')

    def set_number_served(self, number):
        self.number_served = number

    def describe_number(self):
        print("\nServed customer number: " + str(self.number_served))

    def increment_number_served(self):
        self.number_served += 1


class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        super().__init__(restaurant_name, cuisine_type)
        self.flavors = ['strawberry', 'pineapple', 'watermelon', 'vanilla']

    def describe_flavors(self):
        print("Here're all the flavors sold in the store:\n\t", end = '')
        print(self.flavors)

调用：

from restaurant import Restaurant

Restaurant = Restaurant('Ice Cream Factory', 'Desserts')
Restaurant.describe_restaurant()

结果：

Ice Cream Factory
Main: Desserts
Served customer number: 0

9-11 导入Admin 类：以为完成练习9-8而做的工作为基础，将User 、 Privileges 和Admin 类存储在一个模块中，再创建一个文件，在其中创建一个Admin 实例，并对其调用方法show_privileges() ，以确认一切都能正确地运行。

user.py

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.login_attempts = 0

    def describe_user(self):
        print('\nInformation:')
        print('\tName: ' + self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name)
        print('\tAge: ' + str(self.age))

    def greet_user(self):
        print('\nHello, ' + self.first_name + '.')
        print('Nice to meet you!')

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0


class Privileges():
    def __init__(self):
        self.privileges = ["can add post", "can delete post", "can ban user"]
    
    def show_privileges(self):
        print("Here're all the privileges of ADMIN:\n\t", end = '')
        print(self.privileges)


class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

调用：

from user import Admin

Admin = Admin('Toffc', 'Chan', 28)
Admin.privileges.show_privileges()

结果：

Here're all the privileges of ADMIN:
	['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']

9-12 多个模块：将 User 类存储在一个模块中，并将 Privileges 和 Admin 类存储在另一个模块中。再创建一个文件，在其中创建一个 Admin 实例，并对其调用方法 show_privileges() ，以确认一切都依然能够正确地运行。

user.py

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.login_attempts = 0

    def describe_user(self):
        print('\nInformation:')
        print('\tName: ' + self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name)
        print('\tAge: ' + str(self.age))

    def greet_user(self):
        print('\nHello, ' + self.first_name + '.')
        print('Nice to meet you!')

    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1

    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0

admin.py

from user import User


class Privileges():
    def __init__(self):
        self.privileges = ["can add post", "can delete post", "can ban user"]
    
    def show_privileges(self):
        print("Here're all the privileges of ADMIN:\n\t", end = '')
        print(self.privileges)


class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

调用：

from admin import Admin

Admin = Admin('Toffc', 'Chan', 28)
Admin.privileges.show_privileges()

结果：

Here're all the privileges of ADMIN:
	['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']

9-13 使用OrderedDict ：在练习6-4中，你使用了一个标准字典来表示词汇表。请使用OrderedDict 类来重写这个程序，并确认输出的顺序与你在字典中添加键—值对的顺序一致。

from collections import OrderedDict

voc = OrderedDict()

voc['print'] = 'Display information in one line.'
voc['if'] = 'Run the language in the following indentation if the condition matches.'
voc['for'] = 'Traverse the element in the list or tuple, etc.'
voc['while'] = 'Loop until the condition matches.'
voc['range'] = 'Create an integer list object.'
voc['list'] = 'Create an object to store value with ordered number as key.'
voc['tuple'] = 'Create a list which can not be modified.'
voc['dictionary'] = 'Create a list with specific value as key.'
voc['del'] = 'Delete an object.'
voc['title'] = 'A method to convert the first letter in each word in a string.'

for key, value in voc.items():
    print(key + ': ' + value)

结果：

print: Display information in one line.
if: Run the language in the following indentation if the condition matches.
for: Traverse the element in the list or tuple, etc.
while: Loop until the condition matches.
range: Create an integer list object.
list: Create an object to store value with ordered number as key.
tuple: Create a list which can not be modified.
dictionary: Create a list with specific value as key.
del: Delete an object.
title: A method to convert the first letter in each word in a string.

9-14 骰子：模块random 包含以各种方式生成随机数的函数，其中的randint() 返回一个位于指定范围内的整数，例如，下面的代码返回一个1~6内的整数：
from random import randint
x = randint(1, 6)

请创建一个Die 类，它包含一个名为sides 的属性，该属性的默认值为6。

编写一个名为roll_die() 的方法，它打印位于1和骰子面数之间的随机数。

创建一个6面的骰子，再掷10次。创建一个10面的骰子和一个20面的骰子，并将它们都掷10次。

from random import randint

class Die():
    def __init__(self, sides=6):
        self.sides = sides

    def roll_die(self):
        print(randint(1, self.sides))


six = Die()
print("Here're 10 rollings of 6 face die:")
for i in range(10):
    six.roll_die()

ten = Die(10)
print("\nHere're 10 rollings of 10 face die:")
for i in range(10):
    ten.roll_die()

twenty = Die(20)
print("\nHere're 10 rollings of 20 face die:")
for i in range(10):
    twenty.roll_die()

结果：

Here're 10 rollings of 6 face die:
2
3
6
5
1
6
5
2
6
5

Here're 10 rollings of 10 face die:
9
1
3
2
8
10
1
1
1
3

Here're 10 rollings of 20 face die:
8
3
16
14
4
6
18
11
16
20