[黑马程序员]集合_ArrayList练习时为何要重写equals方法

一直对Java中的==和equals用法不太明白，这里简单搞一下。

简单来讲：

基本数据类型比较： 

==，比较的是值。

对象分两种：

==，比较对象的地址

equals,不同的类对比的内容不同。

eg.

Object的qeuals：说白了，就是对比的地址。当爹的最简单，留下事情让后辈去搞。。。

 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	return (this == obj);
    }

-->补充,貌似没这么简单,顺带看了一下hashCode,好像搞的很复杂的样子.先放在这里,待日后研究.    hashCode还是个 native 方法....

    /**
     * Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is 
     * supported for the benefit of hashtables such as those provided by 
     * <code>java.util.Hashtable</code>. 
     * <p>
     * The general contract of <code>hashCode</code> is: 
     * <ul>
     * <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during 
     *     an execution of a Java application, the <tt>hashCode</tt> method 
     *     must consistently return the same integer, provided no information 
     *     used in <tt>equals</tt> comparisons on the object is modified.
     *     This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
     *     application to another execution of the same application. 
     * <li>If two objects are equal according to the <tt>equals(Object)</tt>
     *     method, then calling the <code>hashCode</code> method on each of 
     *     the two objects must produce the same integer result. 
     * <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal 
     *     according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)} 
     *     method, then calling the <tt>hashCode</tt> method on each of the 
     *     two objects must produce distinct integer results.  However, the 
     *     programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results 
     *     for unequal objects may improve the performance of hashtables.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by 
     * class <tt>Object</tt> does return distinct integers for distinct 
     * objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal 
     * address of the object into an integer, but this implementation 
     * technique is not required by the 
     * Java<font size="-2"><sup>TM</sup></font> programming language.)
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     * @see     java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
     * @see     java.util.Hashtable
     */
    public native int hashCode();

    /**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     * <p>
     * The <code>equals</code> method implements an equivalence relation
     * on non-null object references:
     * <ul>
     * <li>It is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value
     *     <code>x</code>, <code>x.equals(x)</code> should return
     *     <code>true</code>.
     * <li>It is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, <code>x.equals(y)</code>
     *     should return <code>true</code> if and only if
     *     <code>y.equals(x)</code> returns <code>true</code>.
     * <li>It is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>, if
     *     <code>x.equals(y)</code> returns <code>true</code> and
     *     <code>y.equals(z)</code> returns <code>true</code>, then
     *     <code>x.equals(z)</code> should return <code>true</code>.
     * <li>It is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, multiple invocations of
     *     <tt>x.equals(y)</tt> consistently return <code>true</code>
     *     or consistently return <code>false</code>, provided no
     *     information used in <code>equals</code> comparisons on the
     *     objects is modified.
     * <li>For any non-null reference value <code>x</code>,
     *     <code>x.equals(null)</code> should return <code>false</code>.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * The <tt>equals</tt> method for class <code>Object</code> implements 
     * the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects; 
     * that is, for any non-null reference values <code>x</code> and
     * <code>y</code>, this method returns <code>true</code> if and only
     * if <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> refer to the same object
     * (<code>x == y</code> has the value <code>true</code>).
     * <p>
     * Note that it is generally necessary to override the <tt>hashCode</tt>
     * method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
     * general contract for the <tt>hashCode</tt> method, which states
     * that equal objects must have equal hash codes. 
     *
     * @param   obj   the reference object with which to compare.
     * @return  <code>true</code> if this object is the same as the obj
     *          argument; <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @see     #hashCode()
     * @see     java.util.Hashtable
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	return (this == obj);
    }

String的equals：说白了，就是复写Object的equals方法，把两个字符串，先比长度，然后一个字符一个字符的比。

    public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
	if (this == anObject) {
	    return true;
	}
	if (anObject instanceof String) {
	    String anotherString = (String)anObject;
	    int n = count;
	    if (n == anotherString.count) {
		char v1[] = value;
		char v2[] = anotherString.value;
		int i = offset;
		int j = anotherString.offset;
		while (n-- != 0) {
		    if (v1[i++] != v2[j++])
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	    }
	}
	return false;
    }

ArrayList的equals: 先看了下地址，然后看是不是从同一个爹来，然后对比每一个元素，并且，每一个元素，搞的还是Object的equals，说白了，从头到尾搞的都是看对象的地址。

public boolean equals(Object o) {
	if (o == this)
	    return true;
	if (!(o instanceof List))
	    return false;

	ListIterator<E> e1 = listIterator();
	ListIterator e2 = ((List) o).listIterator();
	while(e1.hasNext() && e2.hasNext()) {
	    E o1 = e1.next();
	    Object o2 = e2.next();
	    if (!(o1==null ? o2==null : o1.equals(o2)))
		return false;
	}
	return !(e1.hasNext() || e2.hasNext());
    }

由此，我们就明白了，如果不复写equals这个方法，根本就达不到我们想要的对比对象中值的效果。

以上代码，来子源码JDK1.6, ArrayList的代码，都从AbstractList来

附带：Object的 equals中有这样一句：

Note that it is generally necessary to override the hashCode method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the general contract for the hashCode method, which states that equal objects must have equal hash codes.

给了个note，意思就是复写了equals通常也要搞一下hashCode,目的是符合江湖规矩，两者同步，保持相同的对象有相同的hashcode。

Object 的 hashCode代码：娘的比我还懒 。。。毛的没有。。。

 public native int hashCode();

ArrayList的hashCode

    public int hashCode() {
	int hashCode = 1;
	Iterator<E> i = iterator();
	while (i.hasNext()) {
	    E obj = i.next();
	    hashCode = 31*hashCode + (obj==null ? 0 : obj.hashCode());
	}
	return hashCode;
    }