Too many constants, the constant pool for ***_jsp would exceed 65536 entries

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 16:46:17 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 16:46:17 发布

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最近在给公司处理报告生成的相关业务（就是从数据库取数据、通过jsp生成html页面）。由于业务中数据量较大，又涉及大量货币、时间、日期等的格式化显示以及空数据等各种情况的判断，起初将这些判断大部分放在jsp页面中用jstl以及el表达式完成，这导致了jsp页面的逻辑过于复杂。

我们都知道jsp解析的最终结果也将是一个class，由于上面说过，我将大量逻辑放在了jsp页面上，这就导致了jsp编译结果（class）过于庞大，以至于触碰到了java虚拟机（JVM）对单个类（或接口）的最大限制（65536）。程序抛出异常：“Too many constants, the constant pool for ***_jsp would exceed 65536 entries”

至于这个限制是怎么回事，涉及到java虚拟机的运行机制，本人也不甚清楚，但一番搜索后，高人给出了如下解释：

（1）OutSystems上高人给出如下解释：(http://www.outsystems.com/forums/discussion/14233/too-many-constants-the-constant-pool-for-mypage-jsf-exceed-65536-entries/#Post52718)

（a）
Tiago Neves:

João,
The limit you reached is related with the constants per class, limited by the 16-bit constant pool.
The exact limitation as per official documentation is:
The per-class or per-interface constant pool is limited to 65535 entries by the 16-bit constant_pool_count field of the ClassFile structure (§4.1). This acts as an internal limit on the total complexity of a single class or interface.

You can read more on class limitations here:
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-4.html#jvms-4.11

（b）
Luís Lopes:

Hi all, as pointed out, this is a JVM limitation if you write too many code in a single class.
You've guys already nailed the technical details and found out what is happening, but I'll confirm some of the doubts.

The error suggests that the error occurred while trying to compile the jsp for the page.
JSP pages are compiled and generate roughly 1 method per widget, our widgets have a 1-1 match to the jsp widgets.
I can only assume that your webpage has a lot of controls.

For the error that Michael Deroche reproduced:
"[javac] Too many methods for type ScrnWebScreen1. Maximum is 65535"

This is the Java bean code-behind for the page.
There is 1 class per Screen / Block, and each widget roughly generates about 3-6 methods, depending on the widget and its properties.
This explains why it still crashes with 30k containers.

Hope this clarified some of the doubts about the internals.

To the original poster, if this is impacting you, as said previously
you should contact support, so we can give you advice, doing an analysis on your application.

Best Regards

（2）IBM support对该问题也做回避处理：(http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg1PM96400)

"There is no plan to fix the "Too many constants" since it's caused by a limitation of the JRE."

（3）Oracle的JVM Specification 给出了如下解释：（https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-4.html#jvms-4.11）

4.11. Limitations of the Java Virtual Machine

The following limitations of the Java Virtual Machine are implicit in the class file format:

The per-class or per-interface constant pool is limited to 65535 entries by the 16-bit constant_pool_count field of the ClassFile structure (§4.1). This acts as an internal limit on the total complexity of a single class or interface.

The number of fields that may be declared by a class or interface is limited to 65535 by the size of the fields_count item of the ClassFile structure (§4.1).

Note that the value of the fields_count item of the ClassFile structure does not include fields that are inherited from superclasses or superinterfaces.

The number of methods that may be declared by a class or interface is limited to 65535 by the size of the methods_count item of the ClassFile structure (§4.1).

Note that the value of the methods_count item of the ClassFile structure does not include methods that are inherited from superclasses or superinterfaces.

The number of direct superinterfaces of a class or interface is limited to 65535 by the size of the interfaces_count item of the ClassFile structure (§4.1).

The greatest number of local variables in the local variables array of a frame created upon invocation of a method (§2.6) is limited to 65535 by the size of the max_locals item of the Code attribute (§4.7.3) giving the code of the method, and by the 16-bit local variable indexing of the Java Virtual Machine instruction set.

Note that values of type long and double are each considered to reserve two local variables and contribute two units toward the max_locals value, so use of local variables of those types further reduces this limit.

The size of an operand stack in a frame (§2.6) is limited to 65535 values by the max_stack field of the Code attribute (§4.7.3).

Note that values of type long and double are each considered to contribute two units toward the max_stack value, so use of values of these types on the operand stack further reduces this limit.

The number of method parameters is limited to 255 by the definition of a method descriptor (§4.3.3), where the limit includes one unit for this in the case of instance or interface method invocations.

Note that a method descriptor is defined in terms of a notion of method parameter length in which a parameter of type long or double contributes two units to the length, so parameters of these types further reduce the limit.

The length of field and method names, field and method descriptors, and other constant string values (including those referenced by ConstantValue (§4.7.2) attributes) is limited to 65535 characters by the 16-bit unsigned length item of the CONSTANT_Utf8_info structure (§4.4.7).

Note that the limit is on the number of bytes in the encoding and not on the number of encoded characters. UTF-8 encodes some characters using two or three bytes. Thus, strings incorporating multibyte characters are further constrained.

The number of dimensions in an array is limited to 255 by the size of the dimensions opcode of the multianewarray instruction and by the constraints imposed on the multianewarray, anewarray, and newarray instructions (§4.9.1, §4.9.2).