使用Nginx+Unicorn+Capistrano+Sinatra搭建Ruby Web应用

记录一下使用如下工具搭建一个简单的Ruby Web应用的过程：

工具集：

• Nginx — 前端服务器
• Unicorn — 应用容器
• Capistrano — 自动部署工具
• Sinatra — 极轻量级Web框架

步骤：

1. 使用Sinatra提供的DSL编写一个能够运行的最小化web应用：

   # Gemfile
   source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'
   gem 'sinatra'
   

   ---

   # app.rb
   require 'sinatra'
   
   get '/' do
     'Hello world'
   end
   

   使用bundle exec ruby app.rb检验应用是否能正常运行：

   twer@app$ bundle exec ruby app.rb
   [2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO  WEBrick 1.3.1
   [2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO  ruby 1.9.3 (2013-11-22) [x86_64-darwin13.0.0]
   == Sinatra/1.4.4 has taken the stage on 4567 for development with backup from WEBrick
   [2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO  WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=62687 port=4567
   

   访问http://localhost:4567应该能得到’Hello world’的响应

2. 现在将其整理为Rack-based app：

   # app.rb
   require 'sinatra'
   
   class App < Sinatra::Base
     get '/' do
       'Hello world'
     end
   end
   

   ---

   # config.ru
   root = ::File.dirname(__FILE__)
   require ::File.join(root, 'app')
   
   run App
   

   使用rackup -p1818检验应用是否能正常运行：

   twer@app$ rackup -p1818
   Thin web server (v1.6.1 codename Death Proof)
   Maximum connections set to 1024
   Listening on 0.0.0.0:1818, CTRL+C to stop
   

   访问http://localhost:1818应该能得到’Hello world’的响应

3. 引入unicorn和capistrano配置：

   # Gemfile
   source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'
   gem 'sinatra'
   gem 'unicorn'
   gem 'capistrano', '~> 2.15.5'
   gem 'rvm-capistrano'
   

   使用bundle install安装相应的gem包后，运行capify .生成部署所需的配置文件：

   twer@app$ capify .
   [add] writing './Capfile'
   [add] making directory './config'
   [add] writing './config/deploy.rb'
   [done] capified!
   

   配置config/deploy.rb，注意git仓库地址的配置，以及阿里云服务器ip地址及用户名的配置：

   # config/deploy.rb
   require 'rvm/capistrano'
   set :rvm_ruby_string, '1.9.3'
   set :rvm_type, :system
   
   # Bundler tasks
   require 'bundler/capistrano'
   
   # Your application name
   set :application, 'my-ruby-web-demo'
   
   # Input your git repository address
   set :repository,  'git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git'
   
   set :scm, :git
   
   # do not use sudo
   set :use_sudo, false
   set(:run_method) { use_sudo ? :sudo : :run }
   
   # This is needed to correctly handle sudo password prompt
   default_run_options[:pty] = true
   
   # Input your username to login remote server address
   set :user, 'root'
   set :group, user
   set :runner, user
   
   # Input your server address
   set :host, "#{user}@115.28.137.21"
   role :web, host
   role :app, host
   
   set :rails_env, :production
   
   # Where will it be located on a server?
   set :deploy_to, "/srv/#{application}"
   set :unicorn_conf, "#{deploy_to}/current/config/unicorn.rb"
   set :unicorn_pid, "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid"
   
   # Unicorn control tasks
   namespace :deploy do
     task :restart do
       run "if [ -f #{unicorn_pid} ]; then kill -USR2 `cat #{unicorn_pid}`; else cd #{deploy_to}/current && bundle exec unicorn -c #{unicorn_conf} -E #{rails_env} -D; fi"
     end
     task :start do
       run "cd #{deploy_to}/current && bundle exec unicorn -c #{unicorn_conf} -E #{rails_env} -D"
     end
     task :stop do
       run "if [ -f #{unicorn_pid} ]; then kill -QUIT `cat #{unicorn_pid}`; fi"
     end
   end
   

   新建config/unicorn.rb文件，对unicorn进行配置：

   # config/unicorn.rb
   deploy_to = '/srv/my-ruby-web-demo'
   rails_root = "#{deploy_to}/current"
   pid_file = "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid"
   socket_file= "#{deploy_to}/shared/unicorn.sock"
   log_file = "#{rails_root}/log/unicorn.log"
   err_log = "#{rails_root}/log/unicorn_error.log"
   old_pid = pid_file + '.oldbin'
   
   timeout 30
   worker_processes 2 # increase or decrease
   listen socket_file, :backlog => 1024
   
   pid pid_file
   stderr_path err_log
   stdout_path log_file
   
   # make forks faster
   preload_app true
   
   # make sure that Bundler finds the Gemfile
   before_exec do |server|
     ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = File.expand_path('../Gemfile', File.dirname(__FILE__))
   end
   
   before_fork do |server, worker|
     defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and
       ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect!
   
     # zero downtime deploy magic:
     # if unicorn is already running, ask it to start a new process and quit.
     if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid
       begin
         Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i)
       rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH
         # someone else did our job for us
       end
     end
   end
   
   after_fork do |server, worker|
   
     # re-establish activerecord connections.
     defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and
       ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection
   end
   

   然后push代码到git仓库。

4. 在正式进行部署前，ssh登录到远程主机上依次安装所需的软件环境：
   
   • 安装RVM和Ruby
   • 安装git
   • 添加github ssh key

5. 依次使用cap deploy:setup和cap deploy命令进行部署：

   twer@app<master>$ cap deploy:setup
       triggering load callbacks
     * 2014-02-06 21:13:12 executing `deploy:setup'
     * executing "mkdir -p /srv/my-ruby-web-demo /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids"
       servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
   Password: 
       [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
       command finished in 647ms
     * executing "chmod g+w /srv/my-ruby-web-demo /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids"
       servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
       [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
       command finished in 644ms
   

   ---

   twer@app<master>$ cap deploy
       triggering load callbacks
     * 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy'
     * 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy:update'
    ** transaction: start
     * 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy:update_code'
       executing locally: "git ls-remote git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git HEAD"
       command finished in 7722ms
     * executing "git clone -q git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && git checkout -q -b deploy 0de5794f2d7e13af76e671df6a7796c676e88e2b && (echo 0de5794f2d7e13af76e671df6a7796c676e88e2b > /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/REVISION)"
       servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
   Password: 
       [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
       command finished in 4891ms
     * 2014-02-06 21:20:25 executing `deploy:finalize_update'
       triggering before callbacks for `deploy:finalize_update'
     * 2014-02-06 21:20:25 executing `bundle:install'
     * executing "cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && bundle install --gemfile /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/Gemfile --path /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/bundle --deployment --quiet --without development test"
       servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
       [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
       command finished in 45056ms
     * executing "chmod -R -- g+w /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/system && mkdir -p -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/ && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/system && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/log && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/log && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/pids && mkdir -p -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/ && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/pids"
       servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
       [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
       command finished in 692ms
     * executing "find /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/images /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/stylesheets /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/javascripts -exec touch -t 201402061021.11 -- {} ';'; true"
       servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
       [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
    ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/images': No such file or directory
    ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/stylesheets': No such file or directory
    ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/javascripts': No such file or directory
       command finished in 655ms
     * 2014-02-06 21:21:12 executing `deploy:create_symlink'
     * executing "rm -f /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current &&  ln -s /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current"
       servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
       [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
       command finished in 702ms
    ** transaction: commit
     * 2014-02-06 21:21:12 executing `deploy:restart'
     * executing "if [ -f /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids/unicorn.pid ]; then kill -USR2 `cat /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids/unicorn.pid`; else cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current && bundle exec unicorn -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D; fi"
       servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
       [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
       command finished in 1633ms
   

   确保以上操作无异常输出，然后登录到远程主机上查看应用是否已正常装载到unicorn进程中：

   root@~$ ps aux | grep my-ruby-web-demo
   root     20071  0.0  7.3 218396 37016 ?        Sl   21:21   0:00 unicorn master -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D                                                 
   root     20074  0.0  7.2 218396 36476 ?        Sl   21:21   0:00 unicorn worker[0] -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D                                              
   root     20076  0.0  7.2 218396 36476 ?        Sl   21:21   0:00 unicorn worker[1] -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D                                              
   root     20141  0.0  0.1 103208   824 pts/1    S+   21:23   0:00 grep my-ruby-web-demo
   

6. 在远程主机上安装nginx，并在nginx配置中增添一个反向代理配置，将请求分发给应用所在的unicorn进程：

   # /etc/nginx/default.conf
   upstream my-ruby-web-demo-unicorn {
       server unix:/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/unicorn.sock fail_timeout=0;
   }
   
   server {
       listen       80;
       server_name  localhost;
   
       root /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/public;
   
       location / {
           try_files $uri @net;
       }
   
       location @net {
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
           proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
           proxy_redirect off;
           proxy_pass http://my-ruby-web-demo-unicorn;
       }
   
       error_page  404              /404.html;
   
       # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
       error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
       location = /50x.html {
           root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
       }
   }
   

   在远程主机上重启nginx：service nginx restart，之后通过远程主机的ip就可以访问到所部署的应用程序的’Hello world’响应了。

参考：

• Deploying With Sinatra + Capistrano + Unicorn
• Capistrano + Nginx + Unicorn + Sinatra on Ubuntu