使用MySQL+DataMapper为Ruby Web应用增加数据库存储

在之前搭建的简单Ruby Web应用基础上增加数据库存储：

工具集：

• DataMapper — ORM框架
• MySQL — 数据库

步骤：

1. 引入data_mapper、dm-mysql-adapter、dm-migrations、haml等gem，并bundle install安装：

   # Gemfile
   source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'
   gem 'sinatra'
   gem 'unicorn'
   gem 'capistrano', '~> 2.15.5'
   gem 'rvm-capistrano'
   gem 'data_mapper'
   gem 'dm-mysql-adapter'
   gem 'dm-migrations'
   gem 'haml'
   

2. 新增模型类。假设要增加一个简单的功能，用户在页面上通过表单输入一个字符串作为关键字，每提交一次，应用就将该关键字记录下来存储到数据库中，模型类如下：

   # models/history.rb
   class History
     include DataMapper::Resource
   
     property :id,               Serial
     property :keyword,          String
     property :created_at,       DateTime, :default => lambda { |r,p| Time.now }
   
   end
   

   增加一段连接MySQL以及建立对象-关系映射的初始化代码，注意：

   • DataMapper.finalize要在所有的模型类都已被引入之后调用
   • DataMapper.auto_upgrade!执行时会自动根据模型类对数据库进行migration升级操作，与DataMapper.auto_migrate!方法不同的是，auto_upgrade!仅会更新数据库表结构而不抹除已有数据，auto_migrate!则会调整表结构并抹除已有数据。

   ---

   # models/init.rb
   require 'data_mapper'
   require 'dm-migrations'
   require_relative 'history'
   
   # A MySQL connection:
   DataMapper.setup(:default, 'mysql://root@localhost/test') # Your mysql username and database
   DataMapper.finalize
   DataMapper.auto_upgrade!
   

   并在app.rb中引入models/init.rb文件：

   # app.rb
   require 'sinatra'
   
   class App < Sinatra::Base
     get '/' do
       'Hello world'
     end
   end
   
   require_relative 'models/init'
   

3. 新增模板文件。这里使用一个haml文件，包括一个简单的表单和提交按钮，供用户提交关键字。模板文件如下：

   # views/search.haml
   !!!
   %html
     %head
     %body
       %h3 Search
       %form.form{:action => '#', :method => 'get'}
         %fieldset
           %legend Keyword Input
           %ul
             %li
               %input#keyword{:type => 'text', :name => 'q', :value => params[:q]}
             %li
               %input{:type => 'submit', :value => 'Search'}
   

4. 新增一个routes文件，用于响应表单提交请求：

   # routes/search.rb
   class App < Sinatra::Base
   
     get '/search' do
       q = params[:q]
       History.create(:keyword => q) unless q.nil? or q.strip.empty?
       haml :search
     end
   
   end
   

   ---

   # routes/init.rb
   require_relative 'search'
   

   另外app.rb中需require_relative 'routes/init'增加对routes文件的引入。

5. push代码到git仓库后使用cap deploy进行部署。在正式部署之前需先在远程主机上安装mysql，部署时如果有类似于以下的报错：

     servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
     [root@115.28.137.21] executing command
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] 
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] checking for main() in -lmysqlclient... no
   ......
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] make failed, exit code 2
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] 
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] Gem files will remain installed in /srv/dev-helper/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/do_mysql-0.10.13 for inspection.
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] Results logged to /srv/dev-helper/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/extensions/x86_64-linux/1.9.1/do_mysql-0.10.13/gem_make.out
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] An error occurred while installing do_mysql (0.10.13), and Bundler cannot
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] continue.
   ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] Make sure that `gem install do_mysql -v '0.10.13'` succeeds before bundling.
   

   多是因为找不到mysql安装路径所致，可以在远程主机上运行：

   bundle config build.do_mysql --with-mysql-config=/usr/bin/mysql
   

   然后再进行部署。部署成功后就可以看到新功能生效了。

参考：

• Getting started with DataMapper
• Fixing bundle install/update of do_mysql on Mac OS X