Java IO

File 类

File 类：它既可以代表一个特定文件的名字，也可以代表目录内一系列文件的名字。若代表一个文件集，便可用list()方法查询这个集，返回的是一个字串数组。
把File看成某个路径下的一系列东西
File的构造函数为：File file = new File(“某个路径”);
就是根据某个路径新建File对象

例1：查看当前目录下有啥文件或文件夹

import java.util.regex.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.util.*;

public class DirList {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // ”.”或”.\”代表当前目录,这个目录也就是jvm启动路径，可以打印出来看看路径
    File file = new File(".");
    System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
    String[] list;
    if(args.length == 0)
      list = file.list();
    else
      list = file.list(new DirFilter(args[0]));
    // 匹配任意字符
    //list = file.list(new DirFilter("[\\d\\D]*"));
    // 匹配以b开头的文件夹或文件
    //list = file.list(new DirFilter("^b.*"));
    Arrays.sort(list, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
    for(String dirItem : list)
      System.out.println(dirItem);
  }
}

class DirFilter implements FilenameFilter {
      private Pattern pattern;
      public DirFilter(String regex) {
        pattern = Pattern.compile(regex);
      }
      // 判断某个name是否匹配正则表达式
      public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
        return pattern.matcher(name).matches();
      }
}

结果：
D:\Java\eclipse_se\lifan_workspace\firstProject\.
.classpath
.project
.settings
bin
mylib
src

注：
自己写了一个正则表达式过滤器，当用它过滤时，比如只找以b开头的文件（夹）
list = file.list(new DirFilter("^b.*"));
最后只会得到 bin这一个文件夹

精简写法：

import java.util.regex.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class DirList3 {
  public static void main(final String[] args) {
    File path = new File(".");
    String[] list;
    if(args.length == 0)
      list = path.list();
    else
      list = path.list(new FilenameFilter() {
        private Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(args[0]);
        public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
          return pattern.matcher(name).matches();
        }
      });
    Arrays.sort(list, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
    for(String dirItem : list)
      System.out.println(dirItem);
  }
}

有关File的一些操作
例如
File f = new File(“…”);
创建文件夹 f.mkdirs();
删除文件（夹） f.delete();
例2：

import java.io.*;

public class MakeDirectories {
  private static void usage() {
    System.err.println(
      "Usage:MakeDirectories path1 ...\n" +
      "Creates each path\n" +
      "Usage:MakeDirectories -d path1 ...\n" +
      "Deletes each path\n" +
      "Usage:MakeDirectories -r path1 path2\n" +
      "Renames from path1 to path2");
    System.exit(1);
  }
  //  查看file的信息
  private static void fileData(File f) {
    System.out.println(
      "Absolute path: " + f.getAbsolutePath() +
      "\n Can read: " + f.canRead() +
      "\n Can write: " + f.canWrite() +
      "\n getName: " + f.getName() +
      "\n getParent: " + f.getParent() +
      "\n getPath: " + f.getPath() +
      "\n length: " + f.length() +
      "\n lastModified: " + f.lastModified());
    if(f.isFile())
      System.out.println("It's a file");
    else if(f.isDirectory())
      System.out.println("It's a directory");
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    if(args.length < 1) usage();
    // 重命名
    if(args[0].equals("-r")) {
      if(args.length != 3) usage();
      File
        old = new File(args[1]),
        rname = new File(args[2]);
      old.renameTo(rname);
      fileData(old);
      fileData(rname);
      return; // Exit main
    }
    int count = 0;
    boolean del = false;
    if(args[0].equals("-d")) {
      count++;
      del = true;
    }
    count--;
    while(++count < args.length) {
      File f = new File(args[count]);
      if(f.exists()) {
        System.out.println(f + " exists");
        if(del) {
          System.out.println("deleting..." + f);
          f.delete();
        }
      }
      else { // Doesn't exist
        if(!del) {
          f.mkdirs();
          System.out.println("created " + f);
        }
      }
      fileData(f);
    }
  }
}