response、request对象
简介
l Web服务器收到客户端的http请求,会针对每一次请求,分别创建一个用于代表请求的request对象、和代表响应的response对象。
l request和response对象即然代表请求和响应,那我们要获取客户机提交过来的数据,只需要找request对象就行了。要向客户机输出数据,只需要找response对象就行了。
HttpServletResponse
l HttpServletResponse对象服务器的响应。这个对象中封装了向客户端发送数据、发送响应头,发送响应状态码的方法。
response常见应用
l 向客户端输出中文数据
• 分别以OutputStream和PrintWriter输出
• 用OutputStream输出1,客户端看到的是什么?
package cn.itcast.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import sun.security.action.GetBooleanAction;
//在servlet中用outputStream输出中文的问题
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 程序以什么码表输出了,程序就一定要控制浏览器以什么码表打开
response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
String data = "中国";
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
out.write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
在IE中输入http://localhost:8080/day06/servlet/ResponseDemo1 -->中国
// 用html技术中meta标签模拟了一个http响应头,来控制浏览器的行为
String data = "中国";
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
out.write("<meta http-equiv='comtent-type' content='text/html;charset=UTF-8'>".getBytes());
out.write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
// 注意,下面写错了,浏览器会提示下载
response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html,charset=UTF-8");
String data = "中国";
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
out.write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
//假如没有getBytes()来变成字节流,是out.write()则输出就不是1了
OutputStream out=response.getOutputStream();
out.write((1+"").getBytes());
Printwriter:
package cn.itcast.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//通过response的write流输出数据的问题
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置response使用的码表,以控制response以什么码表向浏览器写出数据
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//指定浏览器以什么码表打开服务器发送的数据
//response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setContentType("charset=UTF-8");
String data="中国";
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.write(data);//write流只能写出字符串的,
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
th rows ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
}
l 文件下载和中文文件下载(先在WEB-INF目录下新建download文件,拷贝个图片1.jpg)
package cn.itcast.response;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//文件下载
public class ResponseDeno3 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String path=this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/doenload/1.jpg");
//String path=this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/download/男儿.jpg");
String filename=path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\")+1);
//如果下载文件是中文文件,则文件需要经过url编码(红色代表下载中文文件的代码)
response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+filename);
response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8"));
InputStream in=null;
OutputStream out=null;
try {
in=new FileInputStream(path);
int len=0;
byte buffer[]=new byte[1024];
out =response.getOutputStream();
while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
}finally {
if(in !=null){
try {
in.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(out !=null){
try {
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
}
l 生成随机图片(加上javascript代码一起)
package cn.itcast.response;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1985911916278247434L;
public static final int WIDTH=120;
public static final int HEIGHT=30;
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
BufferedImage image =new BufferedImage(WIDTH, HEIGHT, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g=image.getGraphics();
//1设置背景色
setBackGround(g);
//2设置边框
setBorder(g);
//3画干扰线
drawRandomLine(g);
//4写随机数
drawRandomNum((Graphics2D)g);
//5圆形写给浏览器
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
//发头控制浏览器不要缓存
response.setDateHeader("expries",-1);
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
}
private void setBackGround(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH,HEIGHT);
}
private void setBorder(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(1, 1, WIDTH-2, HEIGHT-2);
}
private void drawRandomLine(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
int x1= new Random().nextInt(WIDTH);
int y1= new Random().nextInt(HEIGHT);
int x2= new Random().nextInt(WIDTH);
int y2= new Random().nextInt(HEIGHT);
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}
private void drawRandomNum(Graphics2D g) {
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.setFont(new Font("宋体",Font.BOLD,20));
String base="\u5f88\u62b1\u6b49\uff0c\u60a8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u8bf7\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165";//其中的常用中文译码,还有很多,
int x=5;
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
int degree=new Random().nextInt()0;//生成随机的数,-30-30的数
String ch=base.charAt(new Random().nextInt(base.length()))+"";
g.rotate(degree*Math.PI/180, x, 20);//设置旋转角度
g.drawString(ch, x, 20);
g.rotate(-degree*Math.PI/180, x, 20);
x+=30;
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
}
register.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>register.html</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function changeImage(img){
img.src=img.src+"?"+new Date().getTime();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br/>
认证码:
<input type="text" name="checkcode"><img alt="换一张" src="/day06/servlet/ResponseDemo4" οnclick="changeImage(this)" style="cursor:hand"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
在IE中输入http://localhost:8080/day06/register.html ,页面出现(要用session才能实现互动)其中的乱码没有解决。
l 发送http头,控制浏览器定时刷新网页(REFRESH)
package cn.itcast.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.omg.CORBA.Request;
//控制浏览器定时刷新
public class ResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//每隔3秒刷新 一次
response.setHeader("refresh", "3");
String data=new Random().nextInt(1000000) +"";
response.getWriter().write(data);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
}
// 假设这是一个用于处理登录的servlet
// 假设程序运行到此,用户登录成功了
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url='/day06/index.jsp'");
response.getWriter().write("恭喜你,登陆成功,本浏览器将在3秒后,跳到首页,如果没有跳,请点<a href=''>超链接</a>");
//实用的自动跳转技术
//假设这是一个用于处理登录的servlet
//假设程序运行到此,用户登录成功了
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
String message="<meta heep-equiv='refresh' content='3;url=/day06/index.jsp'>恭喜你,登陆成功,本浏览器将在3秒后,跳到首页,如果没有跳,请点<a href=''>超链接</a>";
this.getServletContext().setAttribute("message", message);
this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
message.jsp(index.jsp默认页面)
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'message.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
String message = (String) application.getAttribute("message");
out.write(message);
%>
</body>
</html>
l 发送http头,控制浏览器禁止缓存当前文档内容
•比如:使用HTML语言里面的<meta>标签来控制浏览器行为(代码在上)
package cn.itcast.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//控制浏览器缓存
public class ResponseDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis()+1000*3600);//当前时间
String data ="aaaaaaaaaa";
response.getWriter().write(data);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
}
Index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/day06/servlet/ResponseDemo6" >添加图书</a>
</body>
</html>
在IE中输入:http://localhost:8080/day06/index.jsp,得到页面,点击添加图书,知道另一个页面
l 通过response实现请求重定向。
l 请求重定向指:一个web资源收到客户端请求后,通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源,这称之为请求重定向。
l 应用场景:用户注册。
l 实现方式
• response.sendRedirect()
• 实现原理:
• 302状态码和location头即可实现重定向
package cn.itcast.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//实现请求重定向
public class ResponseDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.sendRedirect("/day06/index.jsp");
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
}
response细节
l getOutputStream和getWriter方法分别用于得到输出二进制数据、输出文本数据的ServletOuputStream、Printwriter对象。
l getOutputStream和getWriter这两个方法互相排斥,调用了其中的任何一个方法后,就不能再调用另一方法。
package cn.itcast.response;
import java.io.IOException;
……………………
//同时调用getOutputStream和getWriter会出错
public class ResponseDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getOutputStream();
response.getWriter();
//response.sendRedirect(…..);//很重定向就没有问题了
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
} 出问题:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: getOutputStream() has already been called for this response
l Servlet程序向ServletOutputStream或PrintWriter对象中写入的数据将被Servlet引擎从response里面获取,Servlet引擎将这些数据当作响应消息的正文,然后再与响应状态行和各响应头组合后输出到客户端。
l Serlvet的service方法结束后,Servlet引擎将检查getWriter或getOutputStream方法返回的输出流对象是否已经调用过close方法,如果没有,Servlet引擎将调用close方法关闭该输出流对象。