最简单就是直接安装
pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-opencv脚本中最好使用环境变量 ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} 适配
pacman -S --needed ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-opencv以下记录一下编译的过程
一）安装编译工具及第三方库
注意：一定要安装 mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake 而不是 cmake，即不要执行 “pacman -S cmake”
否则会产生 “System is unknown to cmake, create 。。。” 报错信息
pacman -S --needed base-devel vim tar wget unzip protobuf
pacman -S --needed \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-cmake \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-toolchain \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-boost \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-eigen3 \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc-libgfortran \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gtk3 \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-julia \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ogre3d \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-python \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-python2 \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-python-pip \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-python-numpy \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-vtk
pacman -S --needed \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libpng \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libjpeg \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libtiff \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libwebp
pacman -S --needed \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-dlib \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ffmpeg \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-harfbuzz \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lapack \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-openblas \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-opencl-clhpp \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-opencl-headers \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-opencl-icd \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-openmp
# optional
pacman -S --needed \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-tesseract-ocr \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-tesseract-data-chi_sim \
${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-tesseract-data-chi_tra下载 opencv4 源码并解压
wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/4.x.zip
wget -O opencv_contrib.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/4.x.zip
unzip opencv.zip
unzip opencv_contrib.zip编写脚本 build-ocv.sh
#!/bin/bash
BUILD_DIR=${1:-build}
export OpenBLAS_HOME=/mingw64
export PATH=/mingw64/lib:/mingw64/bin:/mingw64/include:$PATH
[ -e ${BUILD_DIR} ] && rm -r ${BUILD_DIR}/* || mkdir ${BUILD_DIR}
cmake -B${BUILD_DIR} \
-DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=opencv_contrib-4.x/modules \
-DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=14 \
-DWITH_OBSENSOR=OFF \
-DWITH_OPENGL=ON \
-DWITH_QT=OFF \
-DWITH_GSTREAMER=ON \
-DWITH_OPENCL=ON \
-DOPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \
opencv-4.x
# Build
[ $? -eq 0 ] && cmake --build ${BUILD_DIR} -j 8
由于网络速度慢，有几个文件下载超时，我通过迅雷下载好后
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/1224f78da6684df04397ac0f40c961ed37f79ccb/ippicv/ippicv_2021.8_lnx_intel64_20230330_general.tgz
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/1224f78da6684df04397ac0f40c961ed37f79ccb/ippicv/ippicv_2021.8_win_intel64_20230330_general.zip
https://github.com/opencv/ade/archive/v0.1.2b.zip
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/8afa57abc8229d611c4937165d20e2a2d9fc5a12/face_landmark_model.dat
我通过迅雷下载后，复制到相应目录
cp ippicv_2021.8_lnx_intel64_20230330_general.tgz opencv-4.x/3rdparty/ippicv/
cp ippicv_2021.8_win_intel64_20230330_general.zip opencv-4.x/3rdparty/ippicv/
cp -f ade-0.1.2b.zip opencv-4.x/.cache/ade/4f93a0844dfc463c617d83b09011819a-v0.1.2b.zip
cp face_landmark_model.dat opencv-4.x/.cache/data/7505c44ca4eb54b4ab1e4777cb96ac05-face_landmark_model.dat
二）错误修复：
1. 在 msys2环境中执行 python 及 python2 失败。
原因：msys2中的 python启动受到系统环境变量 PYTHONHOME 影响，这个环境变量一般是安装python windows 版本时被自动设置的。
解决方法： 执行 unset PYTHONHOME，如果不想每次启动msys都执行一次，可以写进 /etc/.bashrc 脚本中。
2. 编译 obsensor 失败
C:/workspace/libs/opencv/modules/videoio/src/cap_obsensor/obsensor_stream_channel_msmf.hpp:106:27: error: could not convert template argument 'cv::obsensor::ComPtr<IKsControl>::__T_IID_getter' from 'const IID& (cv::obsensor::ComPtr<IKsControl>::)()' {aka 'const GUID& (cv::obsensor::ComPtr<IKsControl>::)()'} to 'const IID& (*)()' {aka 'const GUID& (*)()'}
(参考 ：Build with Ninja (MSYS2 UCRT64) on Windows 11 fails · Issue #23070 )
原因： obsensor backend seems not to be supported on gcc.
解决方案 ：在cmake命令后增加 “ -DWITH_OBSENSOR=OFF ” 配置项
3. 编译 homography.cc 出错
编译 opencv_contrib-4.x/modules/sfm/src/libmv_light/libmv/multiview/homography.cc 是报错：
mingw64/include/ceres/jet.h:834:10: error: 'j0' was not declared in this scope; did you mean 'V0'?
参考 ：j0 , j1, jn was not declared in this scope, …… · Issue #3013
解决方案： cmake 配置参数增加 -DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS=ON 和 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=14
4. OPENBLAS 检测失败
-- Could not find OpenBLAS include. Turning OpenBLAS_FOUND off
解决方案 ：增加 OpenBLAS_HOME 定义
export OpenBLAS_HOME=/mingw645. glog/gflags 组件检测失败
（安装 mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake 而不是 cmake，以下是坚持使用 cmake的解决方法，我是杠精。）
查看 CMakeFile/CMakeError.log 内容
Run Build Command(s): /usr/bin/cmake.exe -E env VERBOSE=1 /usr/bin/make.exe -f Makefile cmTC_32ed8/fast
/usr/bin/make -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_32ed8.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_32ed8.dir/build
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/rd/opencv/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmTC_32ed8.dir/check_glog_gflags.cpp.o
/mingw64/bin/c++.exe -DGFLAGS_IS_A_DLL=1 -DGLOG_CUSTOM_PREFIX_SUPPORT -DGLOG_NO_ABBREVIATED_SEVERITIES -isystem/mingw64/include -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG -std=c++11 -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_32ed8.dir/check_glog_gflags.cpp.o -c /home/rd/opencv/opencv_contrib-4.x/modules/sfm/cmake/checks/check_glog_gflags.cpp
In file included from D:/msys64/mingw64/include/glog/logging.h:45,
from D:/msys64/home/rd/opencv/opencv_contrib-4.x/modules/sfm/cmake/checks/check_glog_gflags.cpp:1:
D:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/13.2.0/cstdlib:79:15: fatal error: stdlib.h: No such file or directory
79 | #include_next <stdlib.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/cmTC_32ed8.dir/build.make:78: CMakeFiles/cmTC_32ed8.dir/check_glog_gflags.cpp.o] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/rd/opencv/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
make: *** [Makefile:127: cmTC_32ed8/fast] Error 2, SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST FALSE
解决方案 ：
增加编译宏定义 ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF
(参考C++编译时cstdlib中的#include_next ＜stdlib.h＞报错、解决与思考_#include_next <stdlib.h>_彩虹能场的博客-CSDN博客)
手动测试编译指令如下，发现没有解决
/mingw64/bin/c++.exe -DENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF -DGFLAGS_IS_A_DLL=1 -DGLOG_CUSTOM_PREFIX_SUPPORT -DGLOG_NO_ABBREVIATED_SEVERITIES -isystem /mingw64/include -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG -std=c++11 -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_32ed8.dir/check_glog_gflags.cpp.o -c /home/rd/opencv/opencv_contrib-4.x/modules/sfm/cmake/checks/check_glog_gflags.cpp
Use of -isystem - Development - CMake Discourse解决方案2 ：
删除 -isystem /mingw64/include
或改为 -isystem/mingw64/include （去除isystem后空格）
或改为 -I /mingw64/include (参考 Use of -isystem - Development - CMake Discourse ）
手动测试编译指令如下，可以生成
/mingw64/bin/c++.exe -DGFLAGS_IS_A_DLL=1 -DGLOG_CUSTOM_PREFIX_SUPPORT -DGLOG_NO_ABBREVIATED_SEVERITIES -I /mingw64/include -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG -std=c++11 -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_32ed8.dir/check_glog_gflags.cpp.o -c /home/rd/opencv/opencv_contrib-4.x/modules/sfm/cmake/checks/check_glog_gflags.cpp
修改 /opencv_contrib-4.x/modules/sfm/CMakeLists.txt 文件中 try_compile() 语句，增加 set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_CXX "-I")， 不好使。
if(NOT DEFINED SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST_CACHE_KEY OR NOT (SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST_CACHE_KEY STREQUAL __cache_key))
set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_CXX "-I")
set(__fname "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/checks/check_glog_gflags.cpp")
try_compile(
SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "${__fname}"
CMAKE_FLAGS "-DINCLUDE_DIRECTORIES:STRING=${GLOG_INCLUDE_DIRS};${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIRS}"
LINK_LIBRARIES ${GLOG_LIBRARIES} ${GFLAGS_LIBRARIES}
OUTPUT_VARIABLE __output
)
if(NOT SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST)
file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}${CMAKE_FILES_DIRECTORY}/CMakeError.log
"Failed compilation check: ${__fname}\n"
"${__output}\n\n"
)
endif()
set(SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST "${SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST}" CACHE INTERNAL "")
set(SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST_CACHE_KEY "${__cache_key}" CACHE INTERNAL "")
message(STATUS "Checking SFM glog/gflags deps... ${SFM_GLOG_GFLAGS_TEST}")
endif()修改 /usr/share/cmake/Modules/Compiler/GNU.cmake，注释掉 “ set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_FLAG_${lang} "-isystem ") ” ，成功。
6. lapack 组件检测失败
（安装 mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake 而不是 cmake，以下是坚持使用 cmake的解决方法，我是杠精。）
Run Build Command(s): /usr/bin/cmake.exe -E env VERBOSE=1 /usr/bin/make.exe -f Makefile cmTC_dfa1f/fast
/usr/bin/make -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_dfa1f.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_dfa1f.dir/build
make[1]: Entering directory '/D/word/opencv/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmTC_dfa1f.dir/lapack_check.cpp.obj
/mingw64/bin/CC.exe -I/mingw64/include -I/D/tony/opencv/build -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG -std=c++11 -fPIE -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_dfa1f.dir/lapack_check.cpp.obj -c /D/work/opencv/opencv-4.x/cmake/checks/lapack_check.cpp
In file included from D:/rd/opencv/opencv-4.x/cmake/checks/lapack_check.cpp:2:
D:/work/opencv/build/opencv_lapack.h:11:10: fatal error: /mingw64/include/cblas.h: No such file or directory
11 | #include "/mingw64/include/cblas.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/cmTC_dfa1f.dir/build.make:78: CMakeFiles/cmTC_dfa1f.dir/lapack_check.cpp.obj] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/D/rd/opencv/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
make: *** [Makefile:127: cmTC_dfa1f/fast] Error 2
直接命令行执行编译指令可以复现这个错误。
问题来源：
此天坑是由于 mingw的unix形式路径(/mingw64/include)都应该转化成windows形式使用(C:/msys2/ming64/include)，一般 mingw会帮你自动完成，但是 gcc( g++、cc) 不是为 mingw 维护的，所以gcc可不会转换这个绝对路径。于是死球。
参考：gcc/g++ cannot include file with absolute path · Issue #6711 · msys2/MINGW-packages · GitHub
如果山不向你而来，你就应该向山撞去，
修改 opencv-4.x/cmake/OpenCVFindLAPACK.cmake
和 opencv-4.x/cmake/OpenCVFindLAPACK-DBG.cmake。
删除 _find_header_file_in_dirs() 调用中的第三个参数 ${LAPACK_INCLUDE_DIR}，这个参数会产生一个绝对路径，这个参数值正是 /mingw64/include
macro(_find_header_file_in_dirs VAR NAME)
unset(${VAR})
unset(${VAR} CACHE)
if(" ${ARGN}" STREQUAL " ")
check_include_file("${NAME}" HAVE_${VAR})
if(HAVE_${VAR})
set(${VAR} "${NAME}") # fallback
else()
set(${VAR} "")
endif()
else()
find_path(${VAR} "${NAME}" ${ARGN} NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
if(${VAR})
set(${VAR} "${${VAR}}/${NAME}")
unset(${VAR} CACHE)
else()
unset(${VAR} CACHE)
set(${VAR} "")
endif()
endif()
endmacro()
macro(ocv_lapack_check)
string(REGEX REPLACE "[^a-zA-Z0-9_]" "_" _lapack_impl "${LAPACK_IMPL}")
message(STATUS "LAPACK(${LAPACK_IMPL}): LAPACK_LIBRARIES: ${LAPACK_LIBRARIES}")
## _find_header_file_in_dirs(OPENCV_CBLAS_H_PATH_${_lapack_impl} "${LAPACK_CBLAS_H}" "${LAPACK_INCLUDE_DIR}")
_find_header_file_in_dirs(OPENCV_CBLAS_H_PATH_${_lapack_impl} "${LAPACK_CBLAS_H}" )
## _find_header_file_in_dirs(OPENCV_LAPACKE_H_PATH_${_lapack_impl} "${LAPACK_LAPACKE_H}" "${LAPACK_INCLUDE_DIR}")
_find_header_file_in_dirs(OPENCV_LAPACKE_H_PATH_${_lapack_impl} "${LAPACK_LAPACKE_H}")之后，链接 lapack_check.obj 报错无数
D:/msys64/mingw64/lib/libopenblas.a(sgemm_direct_performant_BULLDOZER.c.obj):(.text+0x41): undefined reference to `omp_get_max_threads'
手动执行编译指令调试
echo " lapack_check.cpp --> lapack_check.obj "
/mingw64/bin/CC.exe -I/mingw64/include -I/D/tony/opencv/build -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG -std=c++11 -fPIE \
-o lapack_check.cpp.obj \
-c opencv-4.x/cmake/checks/lapack_check.cpp
echo " lapack_check.obj --> lapack_check.out "
/mingw64/bin/CC.exe -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG -Wl,--gc-sections \
lapack_check.cpp.obj \
-o lapack_check.out \
/mingw64/lib/libopenblas.a发现还需要追加静态库
- /mingw64/lib/libgomp.a
- /mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/libgfortran.a
- /mingw64/lib/libquadmath.a
手动编译成功
/mingw64/bin/CC.exe -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG -Wl,--gc-sections \
lapack_check.cpp.obj \
-o lapack_check.out \
/mingw64/lib/libopenblas.a \
/mingw64/lib/libgomp.a \
/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/libgfortran.a \
/mingw64/lib/libquadmath.a
，修改 opencv-4.x/cmake/OpenCVFindLAPACK.cmake
和 opencv-4.x/cmake/OpenCVFindLAPACK-DBG.cmake 如下：
- set(LAPACK_LIBRARIES ${OpenBLAS_LIB}
+ set(LAPACK_LIBRARIES ${OpenBLAS_LIB}
+ /mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/libgfortran.a
+ /mingw64/lib/libquadmath.a
+ /mingw64/lib/libgomp.a
+ )因为没有检查 libgomp等库是否存在，不算是一个完整的补丁，但效果不减。
（哎，干怎么多都不如安装正确的cmake版本，我真傻。）
7. 工作目录名的坑
工作目录名不要用 opencv2，否则编译 opencv-4.x/modules/gapi/misc/python/python_bridge.hpp
会报错。
祝好运。
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